Focus
Nella fabbrica delle immagini: la risonanza magnetica
NEUROIMAGES
L. Dalla Palma
Settembre 2007 - pagg. 429 -443
Abstract
maging techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or NMR, Positron Emission Tomography or PET, Single Photon Emission Tomography or SPECT and Magnetic Resonance Spectrography or MRS have contributed to understand the mechanisms of the different forms of perception, action, thinking, feeling, as well as of affective disorders.
Each technique has its specificity and enables to see each phenomenon from different points of view. As a whole, these techniques give us some space-temporal indications: the type of structures, cell groups and also what and when single neurons activate, in which sequence during the performing of a task, under the action of a specific stimulus or when resting. Deviations from normality registered in standard conditions help us understand the site and the quality of the neuro-functional substrata involved in some disorders of the psychic sphere. In the present article the different investigation techniques and their applicative specificity are illustrated.
Parole chiave
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
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Hayes E. Functional MRI brings hope in psychiatric drug therapies. Diagn Imaging, 7- 8/12/2004.
Hertz-Pannier L, Gaillard WD, Mott SH, et al. Non invasive assessment of language dominance in children and adolescents with functional MR: a preliminary study. Neurology 1997;48:1003-12.
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Le Bihan D, Mangin JF, Poupon C, et al. Diffusion tenser imaging: concepts and applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;13:534-46.
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Maldjian J, Atlas S, Howard R, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of regional brain activity in patients with intracerebral arteriovenous malfomation before surgical or endovascular therapy. J Neurosurg 1996;84:477-83.
Mascalchi M, Filippi M, Floris R, et al. Diffusione in RM dellencefalo: metodologia e applicazione cliniche. Radiol Med 2005;109: 155-97.
Maton BM, Kuzniecky RI. Proton MRS: Nacetylaspartate, creatine and choline. Adv Neurol 2000;83:253-9.
Moore CM, Renshaw PF. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy studies of affective disorders. In: Krishnan KRR e Doraiswamy PM. Brain imaging in clinical psychiatry. New York: Marcel Dekker Ed, 1997:185-213.
Poustchi-Amin M, Mirowitz SA, Brown JJ, et al. Principles and applications of echo-planar imaging: a review for the general radiologist. Radiographics 2001;21:767-79.
Spitzer M, Bellemann ME, Kammer T, et al. Functional MR imaging of semantic information processing and learning-related effects using psychometrically controlled stimulation paradigm. Cognitive Brain Research 1996:4:149-6,.
Scarabino T, Giannatempo GM, Nemore F, et al. RM 3.0 Tesla. II parte: Limaging morfofunzionale cerebrale. Radiol Med 2003;105: 150-61.
Scarabino T, Giannatempo GM, Pollice S, et al. 3.0 T Perfusion MR imaging. Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2004;17:807-12.
Scarabino T, Nemore F, Giannatempo GM, et al. 3.0 T Proton MR spectroscopy. Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2004;17:784-94.
Scarabino T, Nemore F, Esposito F, et al. 3.0 T Diffusion MR imaging. Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2004;17:795-806.
Di Salle F, Briganti F, Mangia S. Risonanza magnetica funzionale cerebrale. In: Del Maschio A e Pozzi-Mucelli R. Mezzi di contrasto in risonanza magnetica. Gaggiano (MI): Poletto Ed, 2003:74-90.
Di Salle F, Scarabino T, Esposito F, et al. Functional MRI at high field strength. Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2004;17:813-21.
George JS, Aine CJ, Mosher JC. Mapping function in the human brain with magnetoencephalography, anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Neurophysiology 1995; 12:406-31.
Habib M, Demonet JF, Frackowiak R. Neuroanatomic cognitive de language: contribution de limagerie functionelle cιrιbrale. Revue Neurologique 1996 ;152:249-60.
Hayes E. Functional MRI brings hope in psychiatric drug therapies. Diagn Imaging, 7- 8/12/2004.
Hertz-Pannier L, Gaillard WD, Mott SH, et al. Non invasive assessment of language dominance in children and adolescents with functional MR: a preliminary study. Neurology 1997;48:1003-12.
Kim SG, Tsekos NV. Perfusion imaging by a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) techinque: application to functional brain imaging. Magn Reson Med 1997;37: 425-35.
Le Bihan D, Mangin JF, Poupon C, et al. Diffusion tenser imaging: concepts and applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;13:534-46.
Le Bihan D. Diffusion and perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Applications to functional MRI. New York: Raven Press Ed, 1995.
Lewin JS, Friedman L, Miller DA, et al. Cortical localization of human sustained attention: detection with functional MR using a visual vigilance paradigm. J Comp Assisted Tom 1996;20:695-701.
Maldjian J, Atlas S, Howard R, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of regional brain activity in patients with intracerebral arteriovenous malfomation before surgical or endovascular therapy. J Neurosurg 1996;84:477-83.
Mascalchi M, Filippi M, Floris R, et al. Diffusione in RM dellencefalo: metodologia e applicazione cliniche. Radiol Med 2005;109: 155-97.
Maton BM, Kuzniecky RI. Proton MRS: Nacetylaspartate, creatine and choline. Adv Neurol 2000;83:253-9.
Moore CM, Renshaw PF. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy studies of affective disorders. In: Krishnan KRR e Doraiswamy PM. Brain imaging in clinical psychiatry. New York: Marcel Dekker Ed, 1997:185-213.
Poustchi-Amin M, Mirowitz SA, Brown JJ, et al. Principles and applications of echo-planar imaging: a review for the general radiologist. Radiographics 2001;21:767-79.
Spitzer M, Bellemann ME, Kammer T, et al. Functional MR imaging of semantic information processing and learning-related effects using psychometrically controlled stimulation paradigm. Cognitive Brain Research 1996:4:149-6,.
Scarabino T, Giannatempo GM, Nemore F, et al. RM 3.0 Tesla. II parte: Limaging morfofunzionale cerebrale. Radiol Med 2003;105: 150-61.
Scarabino T, Giannatempo GM, Pollice S, et al. 3.0 T Perfusion MR imaging. Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2004;17:807-12.
Scarabino T, Nemore F, Giannatempo GM, et al. 3.0 T Proton MR spectroscopy. Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2004;17:784-94.
Scarabino T, Nemore F, Esposito F, et al. 3.0 T Diffusion MR imaging. Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2004;17:795-806.