Problemi correnti
Patologie parodontali in età pediatrica
PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
ROBERTO ROZZA, LUCA FRANCETTI, ELENA MAGGIORE, ANGELA MALERBA
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Ospedale “San Paolo”, Università degli Studi di Milano
Ottobre 2001 - pagg. 513 -519
Abstract
Persistent gingival inflammation is frequent in childhood and adolescence. The main cause
is the accumulation of plaque in the cervical portion of the teeth, and consequent bacterial
growth. Gingivitis in children is usually limited to junctional epithelium and is less severe. In
adolescence phlogosis is more important due to increased periodontal vascolarization. In
periodontitis, alveolar bone lesions accompany the gingival lesion. Prepuberal periodontitis
which accompanies eruption of permanent teeth and juvenile periodontitis are comprised
in Early Onset Periodontitis (EOP) and represent approximately 1% of all cases. The prepuberal
form is very severe, usually associated to neutrophil dysfunctions. Juvenile form includes
3 subgroups; the so-called attachment loss, which is limited to very few teeth; a localized
form, usually affecting the incisors; and a generalized, often rapidly progressive form.
In EOP, which certainly also has an immunogenetic background, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
plays a very important role. Hypotheses on the patogenesis of EOP are discussed.
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
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4. Albandar JM, Buischi YA, Oliveira LB, Axelsson P. Lack of effect of oral hygiene training on periodontal disease progression over 2 years in adolescents. J Periodontol 1995; 66:255-60.
5. Albandar J, Brown J, Brunelle J, Loe H. Early-onset periodontitis: progression of attachment loss during 6 years. J Periodontol 1996;67:968-75.
6. Albandar J, Brown J, Brunelle J, Loe H. Gingival state and dental calculus in early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996;67:953-9.
7. Albandar J, Brown LJ, Loe H. Dental caries and tooth loss in adolescents with early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996;67: 960-7.
8. Albandar JM, Kingman A, Brown LJ, Loe H. Gingival inflammation and subgingival calculous as determinants of disease progression in early onset periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25:231-7.
9. Alpagot T, Wolff LF, Smith QT, Tran SD. Risk indicators for periodontal disease in a racially diverse urban population. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:982-8.
10. American Academy of Periodontology. Periodontal disease in children and adolescents. J Periodontol 1996;67:57-62.
11. Baehni DB, Cimasoni G. A case of localized juvenile periodontitis. Treatment and 3 years follow-up with superimposable radiographs. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:557-62.
12. Baer PN. The case of periodontitis as a clinical entity. J Periodontol 1971:42:516-520.
13. Barret AP. Leukemic cell infiltration of the gingivae. J Periodontal Research 1986;57: 579-81.
14. Berglundh T, Liljenberg B, Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Gingivitis in the deciduous and permanent dentition. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1989;16:457-66.
15. Bimstein E, Lustman J, Soskolne A. A clinical and histometric study of gingivitis associated with human and deciduos dentition. J Periodontol 1985;56:293-6.
16. Bimstein E, Mattson L, Sosklone AW, Lustmann J. Histologic charatheristics of the gingiva associated with the primary and permanent teeth of children. Pediatric Dent 1994;16:206-10.
17. Boughman, et al. An autosomal-dominant form of juvenile periodontits: its localization on chromosome 4 and linkage to dentinogenesis imperfecta and Gc. J Craniofacial Genet Dev Biol 1986:6:341-50.
18. Brown LJ, Loe H. Prevalence, extent, severity and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000 1993;2:57-71.
19. Chapple IL. Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents: classification, aetiology and management. Dent Update 1996;23: 210- 6.
20. Clerehugh V, Lennon MA, Worthington HV. 5-year results of a longitudinal study of early periodontitis in 14 and 19-years old adolescents. J Clin Periodontol 1990;17:702-8.
21. Coburne MT, Goodman JR, Spencer T. Oral manifestation seen in association with a case of trisomy for the short arm of chromosome
9. Pediatric Dent 1996;18:456-8.
22. Daniel M, Van Dyke TE. Alterations in Phagocyte function and Periodontal Infection. J Periodontol 1996;67:1070-5.
23. Darveau RP, Tanner A, Page RC. The microbial challenge in periodontitis. Periodontology 2000 1997;14:12-32.
24. De Arajo WC, Mac Donald JB. The gingival crevice microbiota of preschool children. Arch Oral Biol 1963;8:275-280.
25. Deasy MJ, Grota LJ, Kennedy JE. The effect of estrogen, progesteron and cortison on gingival inflammation. J Periodontal Res 1972;7:111-24.
26. De Nardin E. The molecular basis for neutrophil dysfunction in early onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996;67:345-54.
27. Ellwood R, Worthington HV, Cullinam MP, Hamlet S, Clerehugh V, Davies R. Prevalence of suspected periodontal pathogens identified using ELISA in adolescents of different etnic origins. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24:141-5.
28. Engel D. Lymphocyte function in early onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996;67: 332-6.
29. Firatli E, Gurel N, Efeoglu A, Cebeci I. Generalized prepuberal periodontitis. A report of four cases with the immunological findings. J. Clin Periodontol 1996;23:1104-11.
30. Firatli E, Kantarci A, Cebeci I, Tanyeri H, Sonmetz G, Carin M, Tuncer O. Association between HLA antigens and early onset periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:563-6.
31. Fives-Taylor P, Meyer D, Mintz K. Virulence factors of the periodontopathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 1996;67:291-7.
32. Galas-Zgorzalewicz B, Borysewicz- Lewicka M, Zgorzalewicz M, Borowicz-Andrerzejewska A. The effect of chronic carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenytoin medication on the periodontal conditions of epilectic children and adolescents. Funct Neurol 1996;11:187-93.
33. Genco RJ. Current view of risk factors for periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 1996;67: 1041-9.
34. Gillet R, Cruchley A, Johnson NW. The nature of inflammatory infiltrates in childhood gingivitis, juvenile periodontitis and adult periodontitis: immunocytochemical studies using a monoclonal antibody to HLADR. J Clinical Periodontol 1986;13:281-8.
35. Han NM, Xiao XR, Zhang LS, et al. Bacteriological study of juvenile periodontitis in China. J Periodontal Res 1991;26:409-4.
36. Hart TC. Genetic risk factors for early onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996;67:355- 66.
37. Hart TC, Kornman KS. Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontology 2000 1997;14:202-15.
38. Heidin CA, Karpe B, Larsson A. Plasmacell gingivitis in children and adults. A clinical and histological description. Swed Dent J 1994;18:117-24.
39. Hock J. A clinical study of gingivitis of deciduous and succedaneus permanent teeth in dogs. J Periodontal Res 1978;13:68-75.
40. Holt RD, Wilson M, Musa S. Mycoplasma in plaque and saliva of children and their relationship to gingivitis. J Periodont 1995;66: 97- 101.
41. Arai H, Chihara T, Takahafhi K, et al. Host defensive functions in a family manifesting early onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996;67(4):433-42.
42. Hugoson A, Koch G, Lander HRY. Prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and periodontitis in children and adolescents. Swed Dent J 1981;5:91-103.
43. Ivanovic M, Lekic P. Transient effect of a shorth-term educational programme without prophylaxis on control of plaque and gingival inflammation in school children. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:750-57.
44. Jamison HC. Prevalence of periodontal disease of the deciduous teeth. J Am Dent Ass 1963;66:207-15.
45. Kallio P, Uutela A, Nordblad A, Alvesalo I, Murtomaa H, Croucher R. Self assessed bleeding and plaque as methods for improving gingival health in adolescents. Int Dent J 1997;47:205-12.
46. Kanda-Nakamura C, Izumi Y, Sueda T. Increased expression of interleukin-1 receptors on fibroblasts derived from inflammed gingiva. J Periodontol 1996;23:1267-73.
47. Karjalainen KM, Knuuttila ML. The onset of diabetes and poor metabolic control increses gingival bleeding in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:1060-7.
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