Aggiornamento monografico
Le complicanze settiche in ORL
SEPTIC COMPLICATIONS IN PAEDIATRIC OTOLARYNGOLOGY: A REVIEW
VALENTINA LEONE
Dipartimento di Scienze dello Sviluppo, Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste
Dicembre 2002 - pagg. 647 -654
Abstract
The Author reviews the topic of septic complications in paediatric otolaryngology, which,
although now rare due to improved nutrition, immunisation and case management, still represent
an challenge for practicing paediatricians, also due to their increasingly insidious onset.
The following conditions are included in the review: mastoiditis, otogenic meningitis, cerebral
abscess, endocranial sinus thrombophlebitis, orbital and periorbital cellulitis, retropharyngeal
abscess, and epiglottitis. The causative pathogens are limited in almost all instances
to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B - now on a sharp decrease
due to immunisation - Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Other
agents such as anaerobic bacteria are occasionally implicated. Treatment nowadays tends
to be more conservative, with restricted indications for surgery, empyrical treatment - at least
still culture is available - with ceftriaxone, and adjunctive vancomicine when antibiotic resistance
is likely.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
Mastoidite
1. Van Buchem FL, Peeters MF, Van’t Hof MA. Acute otitis media. A new treatment strategy. BMJ 1985;290:1003-7.
2. Kaplan SL, Mason EO, Wald ER, et al. Pneumococcal mastoiditis in children. Pediatrics 2000;106:695-9.
3. Linder TE, Briner HR, Bischoff T. Prevention of acute mastoiditis: fact or fiction? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2000;56:129-34.
4. Spratley J, Silveira R, Alvarez I, Pais-Clemente M. Acute mastoiditis in children: review of the current status. Int J Otorhinolaryngol 2000;56:33-40.
5. Goldstein NA, Casselbrant ML, Bluestone CD, Kurs-Laski M. Intratemporal complications of acute otitis media in infants and children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;119: 444-54.
6. Go C, Bernstein C, De Jong AL, Sulek M, Friedman EM. Intracranial complications of acute mastoiditis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2000;56:143-8.
7. Antonelli PJ, Dhanani N, Giannoni CM, et al.acute mastoiditis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;121:190-4.
8. Harley E, Sdralis T, Berkowitz. Acute mastoiditis in children: a 12-years retrospective study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;116 (1):26-30. Meningite
9. Ryan MW, Antonelli PJ. Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance and rates of meningitis in children. Laryngoscope 2000;110:961-4.
10. Chesney PJ, Wilimas JA, Presbury G, et al. Penicillin and cephalosporin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing sepsis and meningitis in children with sickle disease. J Pediatr 1995;127:526-36.
11. Eavey RD, Gao YZ, Schuknecht HF, Gonzales- Pineda M. Otologic features of bacterial meningitis of childhood. J Pediatr 1985;106: 402-7. Complicanze intracraniche chirurgiche
12. Kurien M, Job A, Mathew J, Chandy M. Otogenic intracranial abscess. Concurrent craniotomy and mastoidectomy. Changing trends in a developing country. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;124:1353-6.
13. Johnson DL, Markle BM, Wiedermann BL, Hanahan L. Treatment of intracranial abscesses associated with sinusitis in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 1988;113:15-23.
14. Sheld WM. Bacterial meningitis, brain abscess and other suppurative intracranial infections. In: Fauci AS, et al (eds). Harrisons principles of internal medicine. New York: Mc Graw-Hill ed, 1998.
15. Kaplan DM, Kraus M, Puterman M, et al. Otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999;49:177-83.
16. Syms MJ, Tsai PD, Holtel MR. Management of lateral sinus thrombosis. Laryngoscope 1999:109:1616-20. Cellulite orbitaria
17. Uzcategui N, Warman R, Smith A, Howard CW. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of orbital cellulitis. J Pediatr Ophtalmol Strabismus 1999;35:73-9.
18. Donahue SP, Schwartz G. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in childhood. A changing microbiologic spectrum. Ophtalmology 1998; 105:1902-5.
19. Barone SR, Aiuto LT. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era. J Pediatr Ophtalmol Strabismus 1997;34:293-6.
20. Ambati BK, Ambati J, Azar N, et al. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis before and after the advent of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination. Ophtalmology 2000;107:1450-3.
21. Hytonen M, Atula T, Pitkaranta A. Complications of acute sinusitis in children. Acta Otolaryngol 2000;(Suppl)543:154-7.
22. Campdera G, Moreno A, Carpintero Y, et al. Orbital cellulitis in in childhood. Medicalsurgical treatment. Acta Otorinolaringol Esp 2000;51:113.
23. Ferguson MP, McNab AA. Current treatment and outcome in orbital cellulitis. Aust NZJ Ophtalmol 1999;27:375.
24. Panizon F. La sinusite nel bambino. Medico e Bambino 1993;6:396-401.
25. Chandler JB, Langenbrunner DJ, Stevens ER. The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis. Laryngoscope 1970;80:1414.
26. Shapiro ED, Wald ER, Brozanski BA. Periorbital cellulitis and paranasal sinusitis. A reapparisal. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1982;1:91-4.
27. Powell KR. Orbital and periorbital cellulitis. Pediatr Res 1995;16:163. Ascesso retrofaringeo e adenoflemmone
28. Lee SS, Schwartz RH, Bahadori RS. Retropharyngeal abscess. Epiglottitis in the new millennium. J Pediatr 2001;138:435.
29. Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ. Retropharyngeal abscess: a clinical review. J Laryngol Otol 1997;3:546.
30. Soong WJ, Jeng MJ, Hwang B. Respiratory support of children with a retropharyngeal abscess with nasal CPAP. Clinical Pediatrics 2001;40:55.
31. Panizon F. Le tumefazioni linfoghiandolari. Medico e Bambino 1983;9:588.
32. Panizon F, Rabusin M. Linfoadenopatie nel bambino. Una revisione 10 anni dopo. Medico e Bambino 1996;15:220. Epiglottidite e laringotracheobronchite
33. Gorelick MH, Backer MD. Epiglottitis in children, 1979 through 1992. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:47-50.
34. Custer JR. Croup and related disorders. Pediatr Rev 1993;14:19.
35. Bartolozzi G. Tracheite acuta. In: Bartolozzi G, Guglielmi M (eds.). Pediatria. Milano: Masson, 1998:646.
36. Blattner RJ. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: comments on current litterature. J Pediatr 1963;62:288.
37. Rudolph AM. Laryngotracheobronchitis. In: Barnett HL (ed.). Pediatrics. New York: Meredith Corporation, 1968:1450.
1. Van Buchem FL, Peeters MF, Van’t Hof MA. Acute otitis media. A new treatment strategy. BMJ 1985;290:1003-7.
2. Kaplan SL, Mason EO, Wald ER, et al. Pneumococcal mastoiditis in children. Pediatrics 2000;106:695-9.
3. Linder TE, Briner HR, Bischoff T. Prevention of acute mastoiditis: fact or fiction? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2000;56:129-34.
4. Spratley J, Silveira R, Alvarez I, Pais-Clemente M. Acute mastoiditis in children: review of the current status. Int J Otorhinolaryngol 2000;56:33-40.
5. Goldstein NA, Casselbrant ML, Bluestone CD, Kurs-Laski M. Intratemporal complications of acute otitis media in infants and children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;119: 444-54.
6. Go C, Bernstein C, De Jong AL, Sulek M, Friedman EM. Intracranial complications of acute mastoiditis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2000;56:143-8.
7. Antonelli PJ, Dhanani N, Giannoni CM, et al.acute mastoiditis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;121:190-4.
8. Harley E, Sdralis T, Berkowitz. Acute mastoiditis in children: a 12-years retrospective study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;116 (1):26-30. Meningite
9. Ryan MW, Antonelli PJ. Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance and rates of meningitis in children. Laryngoscope 2000;110:961-4.
10. Chesney PJ, Wilimas JA, Presbury G, et al. Penicillin and cephalosporin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing sepsis and meningitis in children with sickle disease. J Pediatr 1995;127:526-36.
11. Eavey RD, Gao YZ, Schuknecht HF, Gonzales- Pineda M. Otologic features of bacterial meningitis of childhood. J Pediatr 1985;106: 402-7. Complicanze intracraniche chirurgiche
12. Kurien M, Job A, Mathew J, Chandy M. Otogenic intracranial abscess. Concurrent craniotomy and mastoidectomy. Changing trends in a developing country. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;124:1353-6.
13. Johnson DL, Markle BM, Wiedermann BL, Hanahan L. Treatment of intracranial abscesses associated with sinusitis in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 1988;113:15-23.
14. Sheld WM. Bacterial meningitis, brain abscess and other suppurative intracranial infections. In: Fauci AS, et al (eds). Harrisons principles of internal medicine. New York: Mc Graw-Hill ed, 1998.
15. Kaplan DM, Kraus M, Puterman M, et al. Otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999;49:177-83.
16. Syms MJ, Tsai PD, Holtel MR. Management of lateral sinus thrombosis. Laryngoscope 1999:109:1616-20. Cellulite orbitaria
17. Uzcategui N, Warman R, Smith A, Howard CW. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of orbital cellulitis. J Pediatr Ophtalmol Strabismus 1999;35:73-9.
18. Donahue SP, Schwartz G. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in childhood. A changing microbiologic spectrum. Ophtalmology 1998; 105:1902-5.
19. Barone SR, Aiuto LT. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era. J Pediatr Ophtalmol Strabismus 1997;34:293-6.
20. Ambati BK, Ambati J, Azar N, et al. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis before and after the advent of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination. Ophtalmology 2000;107:1450-3.
21. Hytonen M, Atula T, Pitkaranta A. Complications of acute sinusitis in children. Acta Otolaryngol 2000;(Suppl)543:154-7.
22. Campdera G, Moreno A, Carpintero Y, et al. Orbital cellulitis in in childhood. Medicalsurgical treatment. Acta Otorinolaringol Esp 2000;51:113.
23. Ferguson MP, McNab AA. Current treatment and outcome in orbital cellulitis. Aust NZJ Ophtalmol 1999;27:375.
24. Panizon F. La sinusite nel bambino. Medico e Bambino 1993;6:396-401.
25. Chandler JB, Langenbrunner DJ, Stevens ER. The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis. Laryngoscope 1970;80:1414.
26. Shapiro ED, Wald ER, Brozanski BA. Periorbital cellulitis and paranasal sinusitis. A reapparisal. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1982;1:91-4.
27. Powell KR. Orbital and periorbital cellulitis. Pediatr Res 1995;16:163. Ascesso retrofaringeo e adenoflemmone
28. Lee SS, Schwartz RH, Bahadori RS. Retropharyngeal abscess. Epiglottitis in the new millennium. J Pediatr 2001;138:435.
29. Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ. Retropharyngeal abscess: a clinical review. J Laryngol Otol 1997;3:546.
30. Soong WJ, Jeng MJ, Hwang B. Respiratory support of children with a retropharyngeal abscess with nasal CPAP. Clinical Pediatrics 2001;40:55.
31. Panizon F. Le tumefazioni linfoghiandolari. Medico e Bambino 1983;9:588.
32. Panizon F, Rabusin M. Linfoadenopatie nel bambino. Una revisione 10 anni dopo. Medico e Bambino 1996;15:220. Epiglottidite e laringotracheobronchite
33. Gorelick MH, Backer MD. Epiglottitis in children, 1979 through 1992. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:47-50.
34. Custer JR. Croup and related disorders. Pediatr Rev 1993;14:19.
35. Bartolozzi G. Tracheite acuta. In: Bartolozzi G, Guglielmi M (eds.). Pediatria. Milano: Masson, 1998:646.
36. Blattner RJ. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis: comments on current litterature. J Pediatr 1963;62:288.
37. Rudolph AM. Laryngotracheobronchitis. In: Barnett HL (ed.). Pediatrics. New York: Meredith Corporation, 1968:1450.