Problemi correnti
Quo vadis influenza?
QUO VADIS INFLUENZA?
GIORGIO BARTOLOZZI
Pediatra, Università di Firenze
Dicembre 2002 - pagg. 661 -667
Abstract
The Author provides an overview of the paediatric implications of influenza epidemics, starting
with the considerable public health burden: influenza strikes the youngest at least as much
as the elderly, with a sharp increase in consultations, drug consumption and hospital admissions,
and an excessive mortality in subjects under five years of age. Children represent
the most important reservoir for the virus. The control of the disease could be improved by
mass immunisation and better case management but the available tools are not yet sufficiently
good the purpose: rapid testing is available but antiviral drugs still wait to be approved for
use in children; currently available vaccines require intramuscolar injections, and the promising
vaccines by nasal route are yet to be made available. Vaccination is recommended
only for high risk subjects, such as infants and children with severe chronic respiratory or cardiovascular
disease, immune deficiencies and intestinal malabsorption.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
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2. CDC. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2001; 50(RR-4):1-44.
3. Neuzil KM, Mellen BG, Wright PF, et al. The effect of influenza on hospedalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. N Engl J Med 2000;342:225-31.
4. Izurieta HS, Thompson WW, Kranarz P, et al. Influenza and the rates of hospedalization for respiratory disease among infant and young children. N Engl J Med 2000;342:232-9.
5. CDC. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2002; 51(RR-3):1-31.
6. Bocchino B, et al. (Medici di Medicina Generale) e Citarella A, Fossi E, D’Argenio P (Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Benevento). Impatto della vaccinazione antinfluenzale nella ASL di Benevento. Epicentro, 3 ottobre 2002.
7. Reichert TA, Sugaya N, Fedson DS, et al. The Japanese experience with vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:889-96.
8. Rodriguez WJ, Schwartz RH, Thorne MM. Evaluation of diagnostic tests for influenza in a pediatric practice. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21: 193-6.
9. Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, Reisinger KS, et al. Oral oseltamivir treatment of influenza in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:127-33.
10. Poland GA. A review and rationale for use in all countries. Millennium Second Wordl Congress on Vaccine and Immunization. Liegi, 29 agosto- 3 settembre 2000.
11. Bartolozzi G. Influenza. In: Bartolozzi G. Vaccini e vaccinazioni. Milano: Masson, 2002: 349-80.
12. James JM, Zeiger RS, Lester MR, et al. Safe administration of influenza vaccine to patients with egg allergy. J Pediatr 1998;133:624-8.
13. Belghe RB, Mendelman PM, Treanor J, et al. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine in children. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1405-12.
14. Longini IM, Halloran ME, Nizam A, et al. Estimation of efficacy of live, attenuated influenza vaccine from a two year, multicenter vaccine trial: implications for influenza epidemic control. Vaccine 2000;17:1902-9.
15. Luce BR, Zangwill KM, Palmer CS, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intranasal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza in healthy children. Pediatrics 2001;108:E24.
16. Nichol KL, Mendelman PM, Mallon KP, et al. Effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282:137-44.
17. Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Douce M, Dougan G. Structure and mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Immunol Today 1999;20:493-500.
2. CDC. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2001; 50(RR-4):1-44.
3. Neuzil KM, Mellen BG, Wright PF, et al. The effect of influenza on hospedalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. N Engl J Med 2000;342:225-31.
4. Izurieta HS, Thompson WW, Kranarz P, et al. Influenza and the rates of hospedalization for respiratory disease among infant and young children. N Engl J Med 2000;342:232-9.
5. CDC. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2002; 51(RR-3):1-31.
6. Bocchino B, et al. (Medici di Medicina Generale) e Citarella A, Fossi E, D’Argenio P (Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Benevento). Impatto della vaccinazione antinfluenzale nella ASL di Benevento. Epicentro, 3 ottobre 2002.
7. Reichert TA, Sugaya N, Fedson DS, et al. The Japanese experience with vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:889-96.
8. Rodriguez WJ, Schwartz RH, Thorne MM. Evaluation of diagnostic tests for influenza in a pediatric practice. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21: 193-6.
9. Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, Reisinger KS, et al. Oral oseltamivir treatment of influenza in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:127-33.
10. Poland GA. A review and rationale for use in all countries. Millennium Second Wordl Congress on Vaccine and Immunization. Liegi, 29 agosto- 3 settembre 2000.
11. Bartolozzi G. Influenza. In: Bartolozzi G. Vaccini e vaccinazioni. Milano: Masson, 2002: 349-80.
12. James JM, Zeiger RS, Lester MR, et al. Safe administration of influenza vaccine to patients with egg allergy. J Pediatr 1998;133:624-8.
13. Belghe RB, Mendelman PM, Treanor J, et al. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine in children. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1405-12.
14. Longini IM, Halloran ME, Nizam A, et al. Estimation of efficacy of live, attenuated influenza vaccine from a two year, multicenter vaccine trial: implications for influenza epidemic control. Vaccine 2000;17:1902-9.
15. Luce BR, Zangwill KM, Palmer CS, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intranasal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza in healthy children. Pediatrics 2001;108:E24.
16. Nichol KL, Mendelman PM, Mallon KP, et al. Effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282:137-44.
17. Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Douce M, Dougan G. Structure and mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Immunol Today 1999;20:493-500.