Aggiornamento
Il reumatismo articolare acuto oggi, tra epidemiologia, genetica e clinica
RHEUMATIC FEVER TODAY
LOREDANA LEPORE, SALVATORE TAMBČ, SILVIA MINISINI
Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste
Febbraio 2003 - pagg. 85 -89
Abstract
In developed countries, rheumatic fever represents nowadays a rare complication of group
A streptococcal infection. In Italy, the annual incidence is 4-6 cases per 100.000 population
under 18 years. Primary prophylaxis is based on treatment of streptococcal infections with intramuscular
or oral penicillin. Short (6 days) courses of amoxycillin or cefalosporin are also
effective. Carriers of lymphocyte antigen D 8/17 show an increased susceptibility to develop
rheumatic fever. Eco-Doppler can help identifying the slighter form of carditis. The so-called
post streptococcal reactive arthitis should be considered a variant of rheumatic fever.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Davies HD, McGeere A, Schwartz B, et al.
Invasive group A streptococcal infections in
Ontario, Canada. N Engl J Med 1996;335:547.
2. Bisno AL. Group A streptococcal infections and acute rheumatic fever. N Engl J Med 1991;325:783.
3. Veasy LG, Tani LY, Hill HR. Persistence of acute rheumatic fever in the intermountain area of the United States. J Pediatr 1994;124:9.
4. Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST. Seven- year national survey of Kawasaki disease and acute rheumatic fever. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:704.
5. Leone V, Panizon F. Streptococco: tra il dire e il fare, ovvero sulla conflittualitŕ tra le raccomandazioni ufficiali e la pratica quotidiana. Medico e Bambino 2002;21:377.
6. Bach JF, Chalos S, Forier E, et al. 10-year educational programme aimed at rheumatic fever in two French Caribbean islands. Lancet 1996;347:644.
7. Steinhoff MC, Abd El Khalek MK, Khallaf N, et al. Effectiveness of clinical guidelines for the presumptive treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis in Egyptian children. Lancet 1997; 350:918.
8. Tamburlini G, Ronfani L. Streptococcal pharyngitis in Egyptian children. Lancet 1998; 351:64.
9. Carapetis JR, Currie BJ. Rheumatic fever in a high incidence population: the importance of monoarthritis and low grade fever. Arch Dis Child 2001;85:223.
10. Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever. Lancet 1997;349:935.
11. Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever in the 21st century. CID 2001;33:806.
12. Veasy GL, Hill HR. Immunologic and clinical correlations in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:400.
13. Carrero-Manjarrez R, Visvanathan K, Zibriskie JB. Immunogenic and genetic factors in rheumatic fever. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2000; 2:302.
14. Khanna AK, Buskirk DR, Williams RC, et al. Presence of a non-HLA B cell antigen in rheumatic fever patiens and their families as defined by a monoclonal antibody. J Clin Invest 1989;123:156.
15. Rothbard S, Waston RF. Variation occuring in group A streptococci during human infection: progressive loss of M substance correlated with increasing susceptibility to bacteriostasis. J Exp Med 1948;87:521.
16. Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13:470. 17 Ahmed S, Ayoub EM. Post-streptococcal reactive arthritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:1079.
18. Bottas A, Richter MA. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:67.
19. Dale JB, et al. Multivalent group A streptococcal vaccine designed to optimize the immunogenicity of six tandem M protein fragments. Vaccine 1999;17:193.
2. Bisno AL. Group A streptococcal infections and acute rheumatic fever. N Engl J Med 1991;325:783.
3. Veasy LG, Tani LY, Hill HR. Persistence of acute rheumatic fever in the intermountain area of the United States. J Pediatr 1994;124:9.
4. Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST. Seven- year national survey of Kawasaki disease and acute rheumatic fever. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:704.
5. Leone V, Panizon F. Streptococco: tra il dire e il fare, ovvero sulla conflittualitŕ tra le raccomandazioni ufficiali e la pratica quotidiana. Medico e Bambino 2002;21:377.
6. Bach JF, Chalos S, Forier E, et al. 10-year educational programme aimed at rheumatic fever in two French Caribbean islands. Lancet 1996;347:644.
7. Steinhoff MC, Abd El Khalek MK, Khallaf N, et al. Effectiveness of clinical guidelines for the presumptive treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis in Egyptian children. Lancet 1997; 350:918.
8. Tamburlini G, Ronfani L. Streptococcal pharyngitis in Egyptian children. Lancet 1998; 351:64.
9. Carapetis JR, Currie BJ. Rheumatic fever in a high incidence population: the importance of monoarthritis and low grade fever. Arch Dis Child 2001;85:223.
10. Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever. Lancet 1997;349:935.
11. Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever in the 21st century. CID 2001;33:806.
12. Veasy GL, Hill HR. Immunologic and clinical correlations in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:400.
13. Carrero-Manjarrez R, Visvanathan K, Zibriskie JB. Immunogenic and genetic factors in rheumatic fever. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2000; 2:302.
14. Khanna AK, Buskirk DR, Williams RC, et al. Presence of a non-HLA B cell antigen in rheumatic fever patiens and their families as defined by a monoclonal antibody. J Clin Invest 1989;123:156.
15. Rothbard S, Waston RF. Variation occuring in group A streptococci during human infection: progressive loss of M substance correlated with increasing susceptibility to bacteriostasis. J Exp Med 1948;87:521.
16. Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13:470. 17 Ahmed S, Ayoub EM. Post-streptococcal reactive arthritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:1079.
18. Bottas A, Richter MA. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:67.
19. Dale JB, et al. Multivalent group A streptococcal vaccine designed to optimize the immunogenicity of six tandem M protein fragments. Vaccine 1999;17:193.