Problemi correnti
L’impetigine
IMPETIGO
ALESSANDRO LENHARDT, JENNY BUA, FEDERICO MARCHETTI
Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Universitŕ di Trieste
Dicembre 2004 - pagg. 695 -698
Abstract
As a rule bollous impetigo is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Non bullous, or contagious,
impetigo is also caused by Staphylococcus aureus, less frequently by its association with
Streptococcus pyogenes. Controlled studies showed that topical antibiotics such as mupirocine
and fusidic acid are at least as effective as oral antibiotics. Oral antibiotics remain the treatment
of choice in case of familial cases, of perioral localisation and of systemic involvement.
In these cases, although controlled studies are not available, 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins,
amoxicillin-clavulanic and macrolides are recommended.
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Sladden MJ, Johnston GA. Common skin infections
in children. BMJ 2004;329:95-9.
2. Berti I, Trevisiol C, Ventura A. Una malattia un antibiotico. La piodermite. Pisa: Ed. Primula, 2003;13:70-3.
3. McCormick A, Fleming D and Charlton J. Morbidity statistics from general practice. Fourth national study 1991-1992;HMSO, London, 1995.
4. Dagan R. Impetigo in childhood: changing epidemiology and new treatments. Ped Annals 1993;22:235-40.
5. Bruijnzeels MA, van Suijlekom-Smit LW, van der Velden J, et al. The child in general practice. Dutch national survey of morbidity and interventions in general practice. Rotterdam: Erasmus University Rotterdam, 1993.
6. Hlady WG, Middaugh JP. An epidemic of bullous impetigo in a newborn nursery due to Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and control measures. Alaska Med 1986;28:99-103
7. Van de Lisdonk EH, van den Bosch WJHM, Lagro-Janssen ALM. Ziekten in de huisartspraktijk [Disease in general practice] 1th ed. Maarssen: Elsevier Gezondheidszorg, 2003.
8. Floret D. Clinical aspects of streptococcal and staphylococcal toxinic diseases. Arch Pediatr 2001;8, Suppl 4:762s-768s.
9. American Academy of Pediatrics. Red Book
2003. Pacini editore, 2004 (Edizione italiana).
10. Baltimore RS. Treatment of impetigo: a review. Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;4:597-601.
11. Dillon HC. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis following pyoderma. Rev Infect Dis 1979;1:935-43.
12. Koning S, Verhagen AP, van Suijlekom- Smit LW, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database System Review 2004;(2): CD003261.
13. Gould JC, Smith JH, Moncur H. Mupirocin in general practice: a placebo-controlled trial. Royal Society of Medicine: International Congress and Symposium Series 1984;80:85- 93.
14. Ruby RJ, Nelson JD. The influence of hexachlorophene scrubs on the response to placebo or penicillin therapy in impetigo. Pediatrics 1973;52:854-9.
15. Eells LD, Mertz PM, Piovanetti Y, Pekoe GM, Eaglstein WH. Topical antibiotic treatment of impetigo with mupirocin. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:1273-6.
16. Koning S, van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Nouwen JL, Verduin CM, Bernsen RMD, Oranje AP, et al. Fusidic acid cream in the treatment of impetigo in general practice: a double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2002;324:203-06.
17. Rojas R, Eells L, Eaglstein W, Provanetti Y, Mertz PM, Mehlisch DR, et al. The efficacy of Bactroban ointment and its vehicle in the treatment of impetigo: a double-blind comparative study. Proceedings of an International Symposium. Nassau, Bahama Islands, 21-22 May 1985:96-102.
18. George A, Rubin G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatments for impetigo. Br J Gen Pract 2003;53:480-7.
19. Koning S, van der Wouden JC. Treatment for impetigo. BMJ 2004;329:695-6.
20. Owen SE, Cheesbrough JS. Fusidic acid cream for impetigo. Findings cannot be explorated. BMJ 2002;321:1391 (Letter).
21. Brown EM, Wise R. Fusidic acid cream for impetigo. Fusidic acid should be used with restraint. BMJ 2002;321:1391 (Letter).
22. Espersen F. Resistance to antibiotics used in dermatological practice. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:1-8.
23. Cutaneous bacterial infections. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (Eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 17th edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2004, pag. 2222.
24. Feingold DS. Staphylococcal and streptococcal pyodermas. Semin Dermatol 1993; 12:331-5.
25. Kiani R. Double-blind, double-dummy comparison of azithromycin and cephalexin in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10(10):880-4.
26. Daniel R. Azithromycin, erythromycin and cloxacillin in the treatment of infections of skin and associated soft tissues. European Azithromycin Study Group. J Int Med Res 1991;19(6):433-45.
2. Berti I, Trevisiol C, Ventura A. Una malattia un antibiotico. La piodermite. Pisa: Ed. Primula, 2003;13:70-3.
3. McCormick A, Fleming D and Charlton J. Morbidity statistics from general practice. Fourth national study 1991-1992;HMSO, London, 1995.
4. Dagan R. Impetigo in childhood: changing epidemiology and new treatments. Ped Annals 1993;22:235-40.
5. Bruijnzeels MA, van Suijlekom-Smit LW, van der Velden J, et al. The child in general practice. Dutch national survey of morbidity and interventions in general practice. Rotterdam: Erasmus University Rotterdam, 1993.
6. Hlady WG, Middaugh JP. An epidemic of bullous impetigo in a newborn nursery due to Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and control measures. Alaska Med 1986;28:99-103
7. Van de Lisdonk EH, van den Bosch WJHM, Lagro-Janssen ALM. Ziekten in de huisartspraktijk [Disease in general practice] 1th ed. Maarssen: Elsevier Gezondheidszorg, 2003.
8. Floret D. Clinical aspects of streptococcal and staphylococcal toxinic diseases. Arch Pediatr 2001;8, Suppl 4:762s-768s.
9. American Academy of Pediatrics. Red Book
2003. Pacini editore, 2004 (Edizione italiana).
10. Baltimore RS. Treatment of impetigo: a review. Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;4:597-601.
11. Dillon HC. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis following pyoderma. Rev Infect Dis 1979;1:935-43.
12. Koning S, Verhagen AP, van Suijlekom- Smit LW, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database System Review 2004;(2): CD003261.
13. Gould JC, Smith JH, Moncur H. Mupirocin in general practice: a placebo-controlled trial. Royal Society of Medicine: International Congress and Symposium Series 1984;80:85- 93.
14. Ruby RJ, Nelson JD. The influence of hexachlorophene scrubs on the response to placebo or penicillin therapy in impetigo. Pediatrics 1973;52:854-9.
15. Eells LD, Mertz PM, Piovanetti Y, Pekoe GM, Eaglstein WH. Topical antibiotic treatment of impetigo with mupirocin. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:1273-6.
16. Koning S, van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Nouwen JL, Verduin CM, Bernsen RMD, Oranje AP, et al. Fusidic acid cream in the treatment of impetigo in general practice: a double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2002;324:203-06.
17. Rojas R, Eells L, Eaglstein W, Provanetti Y, Mertz PM, Mehlisch DR, et al. The efficacy of Bactroban ointment and its vehicle in the treatment of impetigo: a double-blind comparative study. Proceedings of an International Symposium. Nassau, Bahama Islands, 21-22 May 1985:96-102.
18. George A, Rubin G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatments for impetigo. Br J Gen Pract 2003;53:480-7.
19. Koning S, van der Wouden JC. Treatment for impetigo. BMJ 2004;329:695-6.
20. Owen SE, Cheesbrough JS. Fusidic acid cream for impetigo. Findings cannot be explorated. BMJ 2002;321:1391 (Letter).
21. Brown EM, Wise R. Fusidic acid cream for impetigo. Fusidic acid should be used with restraint. BMJ 2002;321:1391 (Letter).
22. Espersen F. Resistance to antibiotics used in dermatological practice. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:1-8.
23. Cutaneous bacterial infections. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (Eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 17th edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2004, pag. 2222.
24. Feingold DS. Staphylococcal and streptococcal pyodermas. Semin Dermatol 1993; 12:331-5.
25. Kiani R. Double-blind, double-dummy comparison of azithromycin and cephalexin in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10(10):880-4.
26. Daniel R. Azithromycin, erythromycin and cloxacillin in the treatment of infections of skin and associated soft tissues. European Azithromycin Study Group. J Int Med Res 1991;19(6):433-45.