Problemi non correnti
L’ipoglicemia neonatale
RICCARDO DAVANZO, ELSA BARTH, SERGIO DEMARINI
Neonatologia e TIN, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste
Dicembre 2004 - pagg. 699 -704
Abstract
Neonatal hypoglycemia is defined as blood glucose higher than 45 mg/l. Blood glucose levels
below this level are significantly associated with neurological damage. Normal newborn
babies do not need monitoring of blood glucose, which is mandatory for at risk babies, such
as low for gestational age and/or preterm babies and more generally those babies with
Birth-Weight below 2500 grams, smaller twins when there is foeto-foetal disproportion, babies
from diabetic mother, babies with erythroblastosis or polycythemia, babies with micropenis,
hypopituitarism, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and babies who are subject to
stress whatsoever. All these cases must be monitored and undergo nutritional prevention, preferably
by continuous enteral nutrition. The infrequent cases of persistent or recurrent hypoglycemia
represent a separate chapter.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Marconi AM, Paolini C, Buscaglia M, et al.
The impact of gestational age and fetal growth
on the maternal-fetal glucose concentration
difference. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:937-42.
2. Koh TH, et al. Neural dysfunction during hypoglycaemia. Arch Dis Child 1988;63(11): 1353-8.
3. Lucas A, et al. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycaemia. Br Med J 1988;297:1304-8.
4. Duvanel CB, et al. Long-term effects of neonatal hypoglycemia on brain growth and psychomotor development in SGA preterm infants. J Pediatr 1999;134:492-8.
5. Yager JY. Hypoglycemic injury to the immature brain. Clin Perinatol 2002;29(4):651-74.
6. Srinvasan G, et al. Plasma glucose values in normal neonate: a new look. J Pediatr 1986; 109:114-7.
7. Yamauchi Y, Yamanouchi I. Breast-feeding frequency during the first 24 hours after birth in full-term neonates. Pediatrics 1990;86:171-5.
8. Hoseth E, et al. Blood glucose levels in a population of healthy, breast fed, term infants of appropriate size for gestational age. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000;83:F117-119.
9. Diwakar KK, Sasidhar MV. Plasma glucose levels in term infants who are appropriate size for gestational age and exclusively breastfed. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2002;87:F46-48.
10. Williams AF. Hypoglycaemia of the newborn: review of the literature. WHO/CHD/ 97.1 Geneva.
11. De Rooy L, Hawdon J. Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic adaptation of full-term and small-and large-for-gestational- age infants. Pediatrics 2002;109(3):e42.
12. Hawdon JM, et al. Patterns of metabolic adaptation for term and preterm infants in the first neonatal week. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67:357-65.
13. Smallpiece V, Davies PA. Immediate feeding of premature infants with undiluted breastmilk. Lancet 1964;13:1349-52.
14. Whitby C, et al. Infants wighing 1.8-2.5 kg should be cared for in neonatal units or on postnatal wards? Lancet 1982;1(8267):322-5.
15. Wharton BA, Bower BD. Immediate or later feeding for premature babies: a controlled trial. Lancet 1965;2(7420):769-72.
16. Becerra M, et al. Continuous gastric drip versus intravenous fluids in low birthweight infants. Acta Paediatr 2002;91(4):430-3.
17. Hochberg Z. Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Endocrinology, Karger, 1999, pag.92- 93.
18. Miralles RE, et al. Experience with intravenous glucagon infusions as a treatment for resistant neonatal hypoglycemia. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156(10):999-1004.
19. Charsha DS, et al. Characteristics of glucagon infusion and its association with hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia in 28 preterm patients. Pediatrics 2003;111(1):220-1.
20. Wald M, et al. Glucagon therapy as a possible cause of erythema necrolyticum migrans in two neonates with persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Eur J Pediatr 2002; 161(11):600-3.
21. Jackson L, et al. An inadequate glycaemic response to glucagon is linked to insulin resistance in preterm infants? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2003;88(1):F62-66.
22. De Lonlay-Debeney P. Clinical features of 52 neonates with hyperinsulinism. N Engl J Med 1999;340(15):1169-75.
23. Hussain K, Aynsley-Green. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia in preterm newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2004;89:F65- F67.
24. Koivisto M, et al. Neonatal symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia: a follow-up study. Developmental medicine and child neurology 1972;14:603-14.
2. Koh TH, et al. Neural dysfunction during hypoglycaemia. Arch Dis Child 1988;63(11): 1353-8.
3. Lucas A, et al. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycaemia. Br Med J 1988;297:1304-8.
4. Duvanel CB, et al. Long-term effects of neonatal hypoglycemia on brain growth and psychomotor development in SGA preterm infants. J Pediatr 1999;134:492-8.
5. Yager JY. Hypoglycemic injury to the immature brain. Clin Perinatol 2002;29(4):651-74.
6. Srinvasan G, et al. Plasma glucose values in normal neonate: a new look. J Pediatr 1986; 109:114-7.
7. Yamauchi Y, Yamanouchi I. Breast-feeding frequency during the first 24 hours after birth in full-term neonates. Pediatrics 1990;86:171-5.
8. Hoseth E, et al. Blood glucose levels in a population of healthy, breast fed, term infants of appropriate size for gestational age. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000;83:F117-119.
9. Diwakar KK, Sasidhar MV. Plasma glucose levels in term infants who are appropriate size for gestational age and exclusively breastfed. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2002;87:F46-48.
10. Williams AF. Hypoglycaemia of the newborn: review of the literature. WHO/CHD/ 97.1 Geneva.
11. De Rooy L, Hawdon J. Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic adaptation of full-term and small-and large-for-gestational- age infants. Pediatrics 2002;109(3):e42.
12. Hawdon JM, et al. Patterns of metabolic adaptation for term and preterm infants in the first neonatal week. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67:357-65.
13. Smallpiece V, Davies PA. Immediate feeding of premature infants with undiluted breastmilk. Lancet 1964;13:1349-52.
14. Whitby C, et al. Infants wighing 1.8-2.5 kg should be cared for in neonatal units or on postnatal wards? Lancet 1982;1(8267):322-5.
15. Wharton BA, Bower BD. Immediate or later feeding for premature babies: a controlled trial. Lancet 1965;2(7420):769-72.
16. Becerra M, et al. Continuous gastric drip versus intravenous fluids in low birthweight infants. Acta Paediatr 2002;91(4):430-3.
17. Hochberg Z. Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Endocrinology, Karger, 1999, pag.92- 93.
18. Miralles RE, et al. Experience with intravenous glucagon infusions as a treatment for resistant neonatal hypoglycemia. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156(10):999-1004.
19. Charsha DS, et al. Characteristics of glucagon infusion and its association with hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia in 28 preterm patients. Pediatrics 2003;111(1):220-1.
20. Wald M, et al. Glucagon therapy as a possible cause of erythema necrolyticum migrans in two neonates with persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Eur J Pediatr 2002; 161(11):600-3.
21. Jackson L, et al. An inadequate glycaemic response to glucagon is linked to insulin resistance in preterm infants? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2003;88(1):F62-66.
22. De Lonlay-Debeney P. Clinical features of 52 neonates with hyperinsulinism. N Engl J Med 1999;340(15):1169-75.
23. Hussain K, Aynsley-Green. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia in preterm newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2004;89:F65- F67.
24. Koivisto M, et al. Neonatal symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia: a follow-up study. Developmental medicine and child neurology 1972;14:603-14.