Farmacoriflessioni
I farmaci antidepressivi nei bambini e negli adolescenti
USE OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: RISKS AND BENEFITS
FEDERICO MARCHETTI, LAURA TRAVAN, MARZIA LAZZERINI
Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Università di Trieste
Giugno 2005 - pagg. 377 -382
Abstract
The increased use of antidepressant drugs in children and adolescents in the last years and
the reports of suicides and self aggressive behaviours, especially among SSRI users, highlight
the need for safety and efficacy evaluation of these drugs in younger patients. When choising
the best depression treatment strategy, paediatricians and infantile neuropsychiatrists
should consider several factors, such as age, access to care and familiar context.
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. EMEA. European Medicines Agency finalises
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2. Pietraru C, Barbui C, Poggio L, Tognoni G. Antidepressant drug prescribing in Italy, 2000: analysis of the general practice database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;57:605-9.
3. Rushton JL, Whitmire JT. Pediatric stimulant and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescription trends: 1992 to 1998. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155(5):560-5.
4. Schirm E, Tobi H, Zito JM, de Jong-van den Berg LT. Psychotropic medication in children: a study from the Netherlands. Pediatrics 2001;108(2):E25.
5. Harrison CM, Britt HC. Antidepressant use in children: a less depressing story. MJA 2005; 182(2):92.
6. Clavenna A, Bonati M, Rossi E, De Rosa M. Increase in non-evidence based use of antidepressants in children is cause for concern. BMJ 2004;328(7441):711-2.
7. Murray ML, de Vries CS, Wong IC. A drug utilisation study of antidepressants in children and adolescents using the General Practice Research Database. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89(12):1098-102.
8. Olfson M, Shaffer D, Marcus SC, Greenberg T. Relationship between antidepressant medication treatment and suicide in adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60(10):978- 82.
9. Vitiello B, Swedo S. Antidepressant medications in children. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(15):1489-91.
10. Fergusson D, Doucette S, Glass KC, Shapiro S, Healy D, Hebert P, et al. Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2005; 330:396-9.
11. Gunnell D, Saperia J, Ashby D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA’s safety review. BMJ 2005;330:385-8.
12. Martinez C, Rietbrock S, Wise L, Ashby D, Chick J, Moseley J, et al. Antidepressant treatment and the risk of fatal and non-fatal self harm in first episode depression: nested case-control study. BMJ 2005;330:389-93.
13. Cipriani A, Barbui C, Geddes JR. Suicide, depression, and antidepressants. BMJ 2005; 330:373-4.
14. Geddes J, Butler R, Hatcher S, Cipriani A, Price J, Carney S, Von Korff M. Depressive disorders. Clin Evid 2004;(12):1391-436.
15. Food and Drug Administration. Reports of suicidality in pediatric patients being treated with antidepressant medications for major depressive disorder (MDD). FDA Talk Paper T03-70 (27 October 2003) (www.fda.gov/bbs/ topics/ANSWERS/2003/ANS01256.html) (accessed 12 Dec 03).
16. Varley CP. Psychopharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescent. JAMA 2003;290:1092-3.
17. Marchetti F, Lazzerini M, Barbi E. Treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: even more caution should be considered. BMJ 2004, 9 January bmj. bmjjournals. com/cgi/eletters/328/ 7430/ 3#46224.
18. Marchetti F, Lazzerini M. Farmacoterapia, psicoterapia e EBM. Medico e Bambino 2003; 22(7):45-9.
19. Jureidini JN, Doecke CJ, Mansfield PR, Haby MM, Menkes DB, Tonkin AL. Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for children and adolescents. BMJ 2004;328(7444):879-83.
20. Hazell P. Depression in children and adolescents. Clin Evid 2004;(12):427-42.
21. Whittington CJ, Kendall T, Fonagy P, Cottrell D, Cotgrove A, Boddington E. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data. Lancet 2004;363:1341-5.
22. Addis A, Severi V. La saga del refocoxib e dei suoi fratelli. Medico e Bambino 2005; 24(3):145-6.
23. Costello EJ, Angold A, Burns BJ, Stangl DK, Tweed DL, Erkanli A, Worthman CM. The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth. Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53(12):1129-36.
24. Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Ries Merikangas K. Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective. Biol Psychiatry 2001;49(12):1002-14.
25. Anderson RN, Smith BL. Deaths: leading causes for 2002. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2005; 53(17):1-89.
26. Blair T. Message from the prime minister. In: Dawson A, Tylee A (eds). Depression: social and economic timebomb. BMJ Publishing Group, London 2001:ix.
27. Tylee A, Jones R. Managing depression in primary care. BMJ 2005;330(7495):800-1
28. Middleton H, Shaw I, Hull S, Feder G. NICE guidelines for the management of depression. BMJ 2005;330(7486):267-8.
29. Krleza-Jeric K, Chan AW, Dickersin K, Sim I, Grimshaw J, Gluud C. Principles for international registration of protocol information and results from human trials of health related interventions: Ottawa Statement (part 1). BMJ 2005;330(7497):956-8.
30. Timimi S. Rethinking childhood depression. BMJ 2004;329:1394-6.
31. Marchetti F, Lazzerini M. Uso degli antidepressivi in età pediatrica. Prospettive in Pediatria 2003;33:185-94.
32. March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, Curry J, Wells K, Fairbank J, et al. Fluoxetine, cognitivebehavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292:807-20.
33. Mufson L, Dorta KP, Wickramaratne P, Nomura Y, Olfson M, Myrna M. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:577-84.
34. Spender Q. Abandoning the diagnosis will endanger severely depressed children. BMJ 2004;329(7479):1396.
2. Pietraru C, Barbui C, Poggio L, Tognoni G. Antidepressant drug prescribing in Italy, 2000: analysis of the general practice database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;57:605-9.
3. Rushton JL, Whitmire JT. Pediatric stimulant and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescription trends: 1992 to 1998. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155(5):560-5.
4. Schirm E, Tobi H, Zito JM, de Jong-van den Berg LT. Psychotropic medication in children: a study from the Netherlands. Pediatrics 2001;108(2):E25.
5. Harrison CM, Britt HC. Antidepressant use in children: a less depressing story. MJA 2005; 182(2):92.
6. Clavenna A, Bonati M, Rossi E, De Rosa M. Increase in non-evidence based use of antidepressants in children is cause for concern. BMJ 2004;328(7441):711-2.
7. Murray ML, de Vries CS, Wong IC. A drug utilisation study of antidepressants in children and adolescents using the General Practice Research Database. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89(12):1098-102.
8. Olfson M, Shaffer D, Marcus SC, Greenberg T. Relationship between antidepressant medication treatment and suicide in adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60(10):978- 82.
9. Vitiello B, Swedo S. Antidepressant medications in children. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(15):1489-91.
10. Fergusson D, Doucette S, Glass KC, Shapiro S, Healy D, Hebert P, et al. Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2005; 330:396-9.
11. Gunnell D, Saperia J, Ashby D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA’s safety review. BMJ 2005;330:385-8.
12. Martinez C, Rietbrock S, Wise L, Ashby D, Chick J, Moseley J, et al. Antidepressant treatment and the risk of fatal and non-fatal self harm in first episode depression: nested case-control study. BMJ 2005;330:389-93.
13. Cipriani A, Barbui C, Geddes JR. Suicide, depression, and antidepressants. BMJ 2005; 330:373-4.
14. Geddes J, Butler R, Hatcher S, Cipriani A, Price J, Carney S, Von Korff M. Depressive disorders. Clin Evid 2004;(12):1391-436.
15. Food and Drug Administration. Reports of suicidality in pediatric patients being treated with antidepressant medications for major depressive disorder (MDD). FDA Talk Paper T03-70 (27 October 2003) (www.fda.gov/bbs/ topics/ANSWERS/2003/ANS01256.html) (accessed 12 Dec 03).
16. Varley CP. Psychopharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescent. JAMA 2003;290:1092-3.
17. Marchetti F, Lazzerini M, Barbi E. Treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: even more caution should be considered. BMJ 2004, 9 January bmj. bmjjournals. com/cgi/eletters/328/ 7430/ 3#46224.
18. Marchetti F, Lazzerini M. Farmacoterapia, psicoterapia e EBM. Medico e Bambino 2003; 22(7):45-9.
19. Jureidini JN, Doecke CJ, Mansfield PR, Haby MM, Menkes DB, Tonkin AL. Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for children and adolescents. BMJ 2004;328(7444):879-83.
20. Hazell P. Depression in children and adolescents. Clin Evid 2004;(12):427-42.
21. Whittington CJ, Kendall T, Fonagy P, Cottrell D, Cotgrove A, Boddington E. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data. Lancet 2004;363:1341-5.
22. Addis A, Severi V. La saga del refocoxib e dei suoi fratelli. Medico e Bambino 2005; 24(3):145-6.
23. Costello EJ, Angold A, Burns BJ, Stangl DK, Tweed DL, Erkanli A, Worthman CM. The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth. Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53(12):1129-36.
24. Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Ries Merikangas K. Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective. Biol Psychiatry 2001;49(12):1002-14.
25. Anderson RN, Smith BL. Deaths: leading causes for 2002. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2005; 53(17):1-89.
26. Blair T. Message from the prime minister. In: Dawson A, Tylee A (eds). Depression: social and economic timebomb. BMJ Publishing Group, London 2001:ix.
27. Tylee A, Jones R. Managing depression in primary care. BMJ 2005;330(7495):800-1
28. Middleton H, Shaw I, Hull S, Feder G. NICE guidelines for the management of depression. BMJ 2005;330(7486):267-8.
29. Krleza-Jeric K, Chan AW, Dickersin K, Sim I, Grimshaw J, Gluud C. Principles for international registration of protocol information and results from human trials of health related interventions: Ottawa Statement (part 1). BMJ 2005;330(7497):956-8.
30. Timimi S. Rethinking childhood depression. BMJ 2004;329:1394-6.
31. Marchetti F, Lazzerini M. Uso degli antidepressivi in età pediatrica. Prospettive in Pediatria 2003;33:185-94.
32. March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, Curry J, Wells K, Fairbank J, et al. Fluoxetine, cognitivebehavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292:807-20.
33. Mufson L, Dorta KP, Wickramaratne P, Nomura Y, Olfson M, Myrna M. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:577-84.
34. Spender Q. Abandoning the diagnosis will endanger severely depressed children. BMJ 2004;329(7479):1396.
Corrispondenza: marchetti@burlo.trieste.it