Problemi speciali
Il morso di cane
DOG BITE
VALENTINA KIREN, PAOLO DELLA LOGGIA*
Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Università di Trieste
*SC Malattie Infettive, Azienda Universitario - Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti, Trieste
Febbraio 2008 - pagg. 103 -108
Abstract
It is frequent that dogs bite. Victims are children in 42% of cases, usually boys. One child out of five is bitten once in his life. Quite often victims know dog owner and fatal attacks usually happen in owner property; seldom dogs are stray. Children under 5 years are commonly bitten at head or neck whereas children over 15 are usually bitten at extremities (45% right upper limb). More aggressive dogs are Pit bull and Rottweiler (responsible of 70% of all dog bite related deaths). Dog bite injury could range from limited abrasions to deep lacerations and tissue avulsion. Only 3 to 10% of dog bites carry infections, which are usually polimicrobic. Characteristic pathogens are Pasteurella multocida (66% of dog bites) and Capnocytophaga canimorsus. Infection could remain limited to site of inoculation or be disseminated, ranging from abscesses to arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and even meningitis. Prophylactic antibiotics should be administered only in high risk subjects. The more dangerous infection transmitted by dog bites remains rabies, that is nowadays limited by intensive vaccination of domestic pets and other preventive measures.
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
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2. Gilchrist J, Gotsch K, Annest JL, Ryan G. Nonfatal Dog Bite-Related Injuries Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments- United States,
2001. CDC MMWR 2003;52(26):605-10.
3. Schalamon J, Ainoedhofer H, Singer G, et al. Analysis of dog bites in children who are younger than 17 years. Pediatrics 2006;117(3): e374-379.
4. Savino F, Gallo E, Serraino P, et al. Dog bites in children less then fourteen years old in Turin. Min Pediatr 2002;54(3):237-42.
5. Gershman KA, Sacks JJ, Wright JC. Which dog bite? A case-control study of risk factors. Pediatrics 1994;93:913-7.
6. Bernardo LM, Gardner MJ, Rosenfield RL, Cohen B, Pitetti R. A comparison of dog bite injuries in younger and older children treated in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002;18(3):247-9.
7. Sacks JJ, Sincalir L, Gilchrist J, Golab GC, Lockwood R. Breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998. JAMA 2000;217:836.
8. Le Moal G, Landron C, Grollier G, Robert R, Burucoa C. Meningitis due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus after receipt of a dog bite: case report and review of the literature. CID 2003; 36:e42-6.
9. Kaiser RM, Garman RL, Bruce MG, Weyant RS, Ashford DA. Clinical significance and epidemiology of NO-1, an unusual bacterium associated with dog and act bites. CDC Emerging Infectious Disease 2002;8(2):171-4.
10. World Health Organization. World Survey of Rabies No 32 for the year 1996. Geneva, World Health Organization 1998. Available at http://www.who.int/rabies/epidemiology/en/.
11. World Health Organization. World Survey of Rabies No 34 for the year 1998. Geneva, World Health Organization 1998. Available at http://www.who.int/rabies/resources/en/ wsr98_a12.pdf.
12. Schmitt RL. Injuries from dog bites. JAMA 1998;279:1174.
Corrispondenza: valentinakappa@libero.it