Linee guida
Prevenzione della carie - Linee Guida Nazionali per la promozione della salute orale e la prevenzione delle patologie orali in età evolutiva - Parte prima
CARIES PREVENTION - ITALIAN GUIDELINES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION AND ORAL DISEASES PREVENTION IN CHILDREN - PART ONE
Gruppo ministeriale linee guida per la promozione della salute orale e la prevenzione delle patologie orali in età evolutiva
Marzo 2010 - pagg. 155 -160
Abstract
Recently, the interest in pediatric diseases prevention has significantly increased. Nevertheless,
oral diseases, although widely diffused in the population, have been neglected
in the recent past. Prevalence and incidence remain high in Italian children, especially in
those belonging to “weak” population groups. Therefore, the need to promote basic preventive
actions is still evident. In 2007, the Ministry of Health decided to promote the publication
of Evidence Based Medicine guidelines on oral diseases prevention in children.
In the present paper caries prevention guidelines are reported. Fuoride supplementation
has to be recommended for children living in areas with low fuoride concentration in tap
water (<0.6 ppm). Fluoride administration through drops and tablets is recommended for
children aged 6 months-3 years. The use of 500 ppm fluoride toothpastes is recommended
from 3 years up to 6 years; in older children, 1000 ppm toothpastes are suitable. Sealants
are recommended for all children. The utilization of sweetened pacifiers and the not-feeding
utilization of bottles containing sweet drinks must be forbidden.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Campus G, Solinas G, Strohmenger L, et al;
Collaborating Study Group. National pathfinder
survey on children’s oral health in Italy:
pattern and severity of caries disease in 4-
year-olds. Caries Res 2009;43:155-62.
2. Campus G, Solinas G, Cagetti MG, et al. National Pathfinder survey of 12-year-old Children’s Oral Health in Italy. Caries Res 2007; 41:512-7.
3. Editorial. Oral health: prevention is key. Lancet 2009;373:1.
4. Sistema Nazionale Linee Guida. Manuale Metodologico: come produrre, diffondere e aggiornare raccomandazioni per la pratica clinica, 2002; http:// www.pnlg.it/manuale_metodologico_ SNLG.
5. Moher D, Jadad AR, Tugwell P. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials. Current issues and future directions. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1996;12:195-208.
6. Featherstone JD. The caries balance: contributing factors and early detection. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003;31:129-33.
7. Keyes PH. Research in dental caries. J Am Dent Assoc 1968;76:1357-73.
8. Law V, Seow WK, Townsend G. Factors influencing oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young children. Aust Dent J 2007;52: 93-100.
9. Karjalainen S. Eating patterns, diet and dental caries. Dent Update 2007;34: 295-8,300.
10. Lingström P, Holm AK, Mejàre I, et al. Dietary factors in the prevention of dental caries: a sistematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2003; 61:331-40.
11. Dodds MW, Johnson DA, Yeh CK. Health benefits of saliva: a review. J Dent 2005;33:223-33
12. Burt BA. The use of sorbitol - and xylitol - sweetened chewing gum in caries control. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137: 190-6.
13. Campus G, Cagetti MG, Solinas G, et al. The Italian Study Group on Children Oral Health. ECC (Early Childhood Caries) in Italy, pattern and severity. Caries Res 2007;41:299-300.
14. De Grauwe A, Aps JK, Martens LC. Early Childhood Caries (ECC): what’s in a name? Eur J Paediatr Dent 2004;5:62-70.
15. Boggess KA, Edelstein BL. Oral health in women during preconception and pregnancy: implications for birth outcomes and infant oral health. Matern Child Health J 2006;10:S169-74.
16. Fitzsimons D, Dwyer JT, Palmer C, Boyd LD. Nutrition and oral health guidelines for pregnant women, infants, and children. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:182-6.
17. Bader JD, Rozier RG, Lohr KN, Frame PS. Physicians’ roles in preventing dental caries in preschool children: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med 2004;6:315-25.
18. Hu D, Wan H, Li S. The caries-inhibiting effect of a fluoride drop program: a 3-year study on Chinese kindergarten children. Chinese J Dent Res 1998;1:17-20.
19. Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 2001;50:1-42.
20. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A. Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4):CD002782.
21. Rock WP, Sabieha AM. The relationship between reported toothpaste usage in infancy and fluorosis of permanent incisors. Br Dent J 1997;183:165-70.
22. Levy SM. An update on fluorides and fluorosis. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69:286-91.
23. Johnson MF. The role of risk factors in the identification of appropriate subjects for caries clinical trials: design considerations. J Dent Res 2004;83:C116-8.
24. Brambilla E, Felloni A, Gagliani M, Malerba A, García-Godoy F, Strohmenger L. Caries prevention during pregnancy: results of a 30- month study. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:871-7.
25. Adair SM. Evidence-based use of fluoride in contemporary pediatric dental practice. Pediatr Dent 2006;28:133-42.
26. Leroy R, Bogaerts K, Lesaffre E, Declerck D. The effect of fluorides and caries in primary teeth on permanent tooth emergence. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31:463-70.
27. Jones S, Burt BA, Petersen PE, Lennon MA. The effective use of fluorides in public health. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:670-6.
28. Jenkins S, Addy M, Newcombe R. Evaluation of mouthrinse containing chlorexidine and fluoride as an adjunct to oral hygiene. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20: 20-5.
29. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD002781.
30. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1): CD002780.
31. Hiiri A, Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Nordblad A, Mäkelä M. Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(4):CD003067.
32. Nunn JH, Murray JJ, Smallridge J. British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: policy document of fissure sealants in paediatric dentistry. Int J Paed Dent 2000;10:174-7.
33. Guzmán-Armstrong S. Rampant caries. J Sch Nurs 2005;21:272-8.
34. Tinanoff N, Kanellis MJ, Vargas CM. Current understanding of the epidemiology mechanisms, and prevention of dental caries in preschool children. Pediatr Dent 2002;24:543-51.
35. Zero DT. Sugars - the arch criminal? Caries Res 2004;38:277-85.
36. Tinanoff N, Palmer CA. Dietary determinants of dental caries and dietary recommendations for preschool children. J Public Health Dent 2000;60:197-206.
2. Campus G, Solinas G, Cagetti MG, et al. National Pathfinder survey of 12-year-old Children’s Oral Health in Italy. Caries Res 2007; 41:512-7.
3. Editorial. Oral health: prevention is key. Lancet 2009;373:1.
4. Sistema Nazionale Linee Guida. Manuale Metodologico: come produrre, diffondere e aggiornare raccomandazioni per la pratica clinica, 2002; http:// www.pnlg.it/manuale_metodologico_ SNLG.
5. Moher D, Jadad AR, Tugwell P. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials. Current issues and future directions. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1996;12:195-208.
6. Featherstone JD. The caries balance: contributing factors and early detection. J Calif Dent Assoc 2003;31:129-33.
7. Keyes PH. Research in dental caries. J Am Dent Assoc 1968;76:1357-73.
8. Law V, Seow WK, Townsend G. Factors influencing oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young children. Aust Dent J 2007;52: 93-100.
9. Karjalainen S. Eating patterns, diet and dental caries. Dent Update 2007;34: 295-8,300.
10. Lingström P, Holm AK, Mejàre I, et al. Dietary factors in the prevention of dental caries: a sistematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2003; 61:331-40.
11. Dodds MW, Johnson DA, Yeh CK. Health benefits of saliva: a review. J Dent 2005;33:223-33
12. Burt BA. The use of sorbitol - and xylitol - sweetened chewing gum in caries control. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137: 190-6.
13. Campus G, Cagetti MG, Solinas G, et al. The Italian Study Group on Children Oral Health. ECC (Early Childhood Caries) in Italy, pattern and severity. Caries Res 2007;41:299-300.
14. De Grauwe A, Aps JK, Martens LC. Early Childhood Caries (ECC): what’s in a name? Eur J Paediatr Dent 2004;5:62-70.
15. Boggess KA, Edelstein BL. Oral health in women during preconception and pregnancy: implications for birth outcomes and infant oral health. Matern Child Health J 2006;10:S169-74.
16. Fitzsimons D, Dwyer JT, Palmer C, Boyd LD. Nutrition and oral health guidelines for pregnant women, infants, and children. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:182-6.
17. Bader JD, Rozier RG, Lohr KN, Frame PS. Physicians’ roles in preventing dental caries in preschool children: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med 2004;6:315-25.
18. Hu D, Wan H, Li S. The caries-inhibiting effect of a fluoride drop program: a 3-year study on Chinese kindergarten children. Chinese J Dent Res 1998;1:17-20.
19. Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 2001;50:1-42.
20. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A. Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4):CD002782.
21. Rock WP, Sabieha AM. The relationship between reported toothpaste usage in infancy and fluorosis of permanent incisors. Br Dent J 1997;183:165-70.
22. Levy SM. An update on fluorides and fluorosis. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69:286-91.
23. Johnson MF. The role of risk factors in the identification of appropriate subjects for caries clinical trials: design considerations. J Dent Res 2004;83:C116-8.
24. Brambilla E, Felloni A, Gagliani M, Malerba A, García-Godoy F, Strohmenger L. Caries prevention during pregnancy: results of a 30- month study. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:871-7.
25. Adair SM. Evidence-based use of fluoride in contemporary pediatric dental practice. Pediatr Dent 2006;28:133-42.
26. Leroy R, Bogaerts K, Lesaffre E, Declerck D. The effect of fluorides and caries in primary teeth on permanent tooth emergence. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31:463-70.
27. Jones S, Burt BA, Petersen PE, Lennon MA. The effective use of fluorides in public health. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:670-6.
28. Jenkins S, Addy M, Newcombe R. Evaluation of mouthrinse containing chlorexidine and fluoride as an adjunct to oral hygiene. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20: 20-5.
29. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD002781.
30. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1): CD002780.
31. Hiiri A, Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Nordblad A, Mäkelä M. Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(4):CD003067.
32. Nunn JH, Murray JJ, Smallridge J. British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: policy document of fissure sealants in paediatric dentistry. Int J Paed Dent 2000;10:174-7.
33. Guzmán-Armstrong S. Rampant caries. J Sch Nurs 2005;21:272-8.
34. Tinanoff N, Kanellis MJ, Vargas CM. Current understanding of the epidemiology mechanisms, and prevention of dental caries in preschool children. Pediatr Dent 2002;24:543-51.
35. Zero DT. Sugars - the arch criminal? Caries Res 2004;38:277-85.
36. Tinanoff N, Palmer CA. Dietary determinants of dental caries and dietary recommendations for preschool children. J Public Health Dent 2000;60:197-206.
Corrispondenza: maria.cagetti@unimi.it