Rivista di formazione e aggiornamento professionale del pediatra e del medico di base, fondata nel 1982. In collaborazione con l'Associazione Culturale Pediatri.
Login Abbonamenti Pubblicazioni Carrello Registrazione Perché registrarsi? Contatti

Problemi correnti

Piede piatto flessibile: una revisione critica

Flexible flatfoot: a critical review

Simone Lazzeri

SODs di Ortopedia Traumatologica, AOU Meyer, Firenze

Ottobre 2016 - pagg. 501 -505

Abstract
Flexible flatfoot in children is very common and children are frequently referred to the paediatric orthopaedic surgeon. Most of these patients are asymptomatic, yet they receive treatment although recent systematic reviews conclude that the evidence supporting the use of orthotics or other conservative treatment is poor. Beside conservative treatment, surgical treatment with arthroereisis has gained popularity. The indications to surgery appear therefore widened and not always clear. The basic epidemiology and treatment options are reviewed and discussed.
Contenuto riservato

Per leggere l'articolo completo è necessario effettuare il login.

Non sei ancora registrato? Registrati

Bibliografia
1. Ilfeld FW. Pes planus military significance and treatment with simple arch support. JAMA 1944;124:281-3. 2. Ministero della Difesa. Decreto 4 Giugno 2014. Approvazione della direttiva tecnica riguardante l’accertamento delle imperfezioni e infermità che sono causa di non idoneità al servizio militare e della direttiva tecnica riguardante i criteri per delineare il profilo sanitario dei soggetti giudicati idonei al servizio militare. GU Serie Generale n.131 del 9-6- 2014. 3. Staheli LT, Chew DE, Corbett M. The longitudinal arch. A survey of eight hundred and eighty-two feet in normal children and adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69:426. 4. Harris R, Beath T. Army Foot Survey: An Investigation of Foot Ailments in Canadian Soldiers. Ottawa, National Research Council of Canada 1947. 5. Bonnet WL, Baker DR. Diagnosis of pes planus by X-ray. Radiology 1946;46:36-45. 6. Mann RA. Miscellaneous afflictions of the foot. In: Mann RA (Ed). Surgery of the foot. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1986:230-8. 7. Sim-Fook L, Hodgson AR. A comparison of foot forms among the non-shoe and shoe-wearing Chinese population. J Bone Joint Surg Am AR 1958;40:1058-62. 8. Stewart SF. Human gait and the human foot: an ethnological study of flatfoot. I. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1970;70:111-23. 9. Morley AJ. Knock-knee in children. BMJ 1957;2:976-9. 10. Blount WP. Fractures in children. Huntington, NY: Kreiger, 1977:185. 11. Tachdjian MO. The child’s foot. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1985:556-97. 12. Gould N, Moreland M, Alvarez R, Trevino S, Fenwick J. Development of the child’s arch. Foot Ankle 1989;9:241-5. 13. Ozonoff MB. Pediatric orthopedic radiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1979:300. 14. Templeton AW, McAlister WH, Zim ID. Standardization of terminology and evaluation of osseous relationships in congenitally abnormal feet. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1965;93:374-81. 15. Staheli LT, Chew DE, Corbett M. The longitudinal arch. A survey of eight hundred and eighty-two feet in normal children and adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69:426-8. 16. Pfeiffer M, Kotz R, Ledl H, et al. Prevalence of flat foot in preschool aged children. Pediatrics 2006;118,634-9. 17. Lin CJ, Lai KA, Kuan TS, Chou YL. Correlating factors and clinical significance of flexible flatfoot in preschool children. J Ped Orthop 2001;21:378-82. 18. Rose GK, Welton EA, Marshall T. The diagnosis of flat foot in the child. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1985;67(1):71-8. 19. El O, Akcali O, Kosay C, et al. Flexible flatfoot and related factors in primary school children: a report of a screening study. Rheumatolo Int 2006;26(11):1050-3. 20. Bordin D, De Giorgi G; Mazzocco G, Rigon F. Flat and cavus foot, indexes of obesity and overweight in a population of primaryschool children. Minerva Pediatr 2001;53:7- 13. 21. Tenenbaum S, Hershkovich O, Gordon B et al. Flexible pes planus in adolescents: body mass index, body height and gender: an epidemiological study. Foot Ankle Int 2013;34: 811-17. 22. Driano AN, Staheli L, Staheli LT. Psychosocial development and corrective shoewear use in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop 1998;18: 346-9. 23. Jack EA. Naviculo-cuneiform fusion in the treatment of flat foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1953;35:75-82. 24 Hicks JH. The mechanics of the foot. II. The plantar aponeurosis and the arch. J Anat 1954;88:25-30. 25. Mosca VS. Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents. J Child Orthop 2010;4:107-21. 26. Harris RI, Beath T. Hypermobile flat-foot with short tendo achillis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1948;30:116-40. 27. Evans AM, Rome K. A Cochrane review of the evidence for nonsurgical interventions for flexible pediatric flat feet. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2011;47:69-89. 28. MacKenzie AJ, Rome K, Evans AM. The efficacy of nonsurgical interventions for pediatric flexible flat foot: a critical review. J Pediatric Orthop 2012;32:830-4. 29. Dare DM, Dowell ER. Pediatric flatfoot: cause, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014;26(1):93-100. 30. Bauer K, Mosca VS, Zionts LE. What’s New in Pediatric Flatfoot? J Pediatr Orthop 2015, Aug 20 [Epub ahead of print]. 31. Haendlmayer KT, Harris NJ. Flatfoot deformity: an overwiev. Orthopaedics and Trauma 2009;23(6):395-403. 32. LeLievre J. Current concepts and correction in the valgus foot. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1970;70:43-55. 33. Miller GR. The operative treatment of hypermobile flatfeet in the young child. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1977;122:95-101. 34. Giannini BS, Ceccarelli F, Benedetti MG, Catani F, Faldini C. Surgical treatment of flexible flatfoot in children: a fouryear follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001;83(Suppl 2, Pt 2):73-9. 35. Maxwell JR, Knudson W, Cerniglia M. The MBA arthroereisis implant: early prospective results. In: Vickers NS, Miller SJ, Mahan KT (Eds). Reconstructive surgery of the foot and leg. The Podiatry Institute, Tucker, GA, 1997: 256-64. 36. Burutaran J. El calcaneo-stop para el tratamiento del valgo de talon infantil. Chirurg Piede 1979;3:319-22. 37. De Pellegrin M. Die subtalare Schraubenarthrorise beim kindlichen Plattufub. Orthopade 2005;34:941-53. 38. Pavone V, Costarella L, Testa G, et al. Calcaneo- stop procedure in the treatment of the juvenile symptomatic flatfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg 2013;52:444-7. 39. Jerosch J, Schunck J, Abdel-Aziz H. The stop screw technique: a simple and reliable method in treating flexible flatfoot in children. Foot Ankle Surg 2009;15:174-8. 40. Koning PM, Heesterbeek PJ, de Visser E. Subtalar arthroereisis for pediatric flexible pes planovalgus: fifteen years experience with the cone-shaped implant. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2009;99:447-53. 41. Roth S, Sestan B, Tudor A, et al. Minimally invasive calcaneo-stop method for idiopathic, flexible pes planovalgus in children. Foot Ankle Int 2007;28:991-5. 42. Kellermann P, Roth S, Gion K, et al. Calcaneo- stop procedure for paediatric flexible flatfoot. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2011;131: 1363-7. 43. De Pellegrin M, Moharamzadeh D, Strobl WM, et al. Subtalar extra-articular screw arthroereisis (SESA) for the treatment of flexible flatfoot in children. J Child Orthop 2014;8:479- 87. 44. Van Ooij B, Vos CJ, Saouti R. Arthroereisis of the Subtalar Joint: An un common complication and Literature Review. J Foot Ankle Surg 2012;51:114-7. 45. Corpuz M, Shofler D, Labovitz J, et al. Fracture of the talus as a complication of subtalar arthroereisis. J Foot Ankle Surg 2012;51: 91-4. 46. Evans D. Calcaneo-valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1975;57:270-8. 47. Mosca VS. Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Results in children who had severe, symptomatic flatfoot and skewfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77: 500-12. 48. Mosca VS. Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. In: Skaggs DL, Tolo VT (Eds). Master techniques in orthopaedic surgery: pediatrics. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008: 263-76. 49. Carr JB 2nd, Yang S, Lather LA. Pediatric Pes Planus: A State-of-the-Art Review. Pediatrics 2016;137(3):e20151230. 50. Bouchard M, Mosca VS. Flatfoot deformity in children and adolescents: surgical indications and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2014;22(10):623-32.

Corrispondenza: simo.lazzeri@gmail.com