Appunti di Neuropsichiatria
Screening del funzionamento psicologico: l’ottavo segno
Assessment and screening for psychosocial disorders: a focus for the paediatrician
Elena Ghirigato1, Federica Corona1, Giorgio Cozzi2, Sara Carucci3, Egidio Barbi1,2
1Scuola di Specializzazione di Pediatria, Università di Trieste
2IRCCS Materno-Infantile “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste
3Clinica di Neuropsichiatria dell’Infanzia e dell’Adolescenza, PO Microcitemico, ASL di Cagliari, Università di Cagliari
Gennaio 2023 - pagg. 31 -37 | DOI: 10.53126/MEB42031
Abstract
Mental health problems are a significant cause of disability in children and adolescents. The most common are anxiety, depression, eating disorders and somatic symptom disorder. All these disorders have a negative impact on the child/adolescent functioning and they may lead to more severe psychiatric illnesses. For these reasons, paediatricians should be able to identify the patients with high risk of psychological dysfunction, by knowing the right questions to ask and using some simple psychological assessment tools (Paediatric symptom checklist, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, HEADS-ED) that can help patients to receive the psychological/neuropsychiatric support they need as soon as possible.
Riassunto
I problemi di salute mentale sono una delle principali cause di disabilità nei bambini e negli adolescenti. I più comuni sono disturbo d’ansia, depressione, disturbi del comportamento alimentare, ADHD e disturbi da sintomo somatico. Tali disturbi influiscono negativamente sul funzionamento globale del bambino/adolescente, possono inoltre strutturarsi e diventare un vero disturbo psicopatologico in grado di compromettere la pieno realizzazione della persona una volta raggiunta l’età adulta. Per questa ragione è importante intervenire precocemente identificando, durante visite e controlli periodici, i pazienti ad alto rischio di disfunzionamento psicologico. Il pediatra ha un ruolo fondamentale in tutto ciò, il suo compito è quello di saper fare le domande giuste e conoscere alcuni semplici strumenti di valutazione psicologica (Pediatric symptom checklist, Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnarie, HEADS-ED), che possono aiutare i pazienti a ricevere il supporto psicologico/neuropsichiatrico di cui hanno bisogno.
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Corrispondenza: elenasofia.ghirigato6@gmail.com