Appunti di Neuropsichiatria
L’insonnia nei disturbi del neurosviluppo: ADHD e ASD
Insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD and ASD
FrancesCa Banditelli1, Laura Pisanu1, Antonella Gagliano2
1Scuola di Specializzazione in Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Università di Cagliari
2Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico “Gaetano Martino” Università di Messina
Gennaio 2024 - pagg. 37 -42 | DOI: 10.53126/MEB43037
Abstract
The present work aims to summarize the recent advances in the field of clinical paediatric sleep medicine and to give tools for clinical assessment and treatment of paediatric insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, especially ASD and ADHD. Bedtime problems and night awakenings are common cause of paediatric and neuropsychiatric consultations and have an impact on the quality of life of both the child and their family. The paper describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation and sequelae treatment of this sleep disorder, and presents clinical tools for its assessment, behavioural and pharmacological treatment.
Riassunto
Lo scopo del presente lavoro è di presentare i principali sviluppi nell’ambito clinico della medicina del sonno pediatrica e di fornire strumenti pratici nel trattamento dell’insonnia in bambini con disturbi del neurosviluppo, in particolare ASD e ADHD. I problemi riguardanti l’igiene del sonno e i risvegli notturni sono tra le più comuni cause di consulto pediatrico e neuropsichiatrico e hanno un impatto sulla qualità di vita sia del bambino che della famiglia. Descriviamo dunque epidemiologia, patofisiologia, valutazione clinica, andamento della patologia e trattamento. Nella trattazione vengono presentati strumenti clinici per la valutazione del trattamento comportamentale e farmacologico.
Parole chiave
Classificazione MeSH
Contenuto riservato
Per leggere l'articolo completo è necessario effettuare il login.
Non sei ancora registrato? Registrati
Bibliografia
1. Manuale diagnostico e statistico dei disturbi Mentali, Quinta edizione (DSM-5), trad. it. Raffaello Cortina, Milano 2014.
2. Ogundele MO, Yemula C. Management of sleep disorders among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A practical guide for clinicians. World J Clin Pediatr 2022;11(3):239-252. doi: 10.5409/ wjcp.v11.i3.239.
3. Whelan S, Mannion A, Madden A, et al. Examining the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Social Functioning, and Behavior Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Nat Sci Sleep 2022;14:675-695. doi: 10.2147/NSS. S239622.
4. Bruni O, Angriman M, Melegari MG, Ferri R. Pharmacotherapeutic management of sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019;20(18):2257-2271. doi: 10.1080/ 14656566.2019.1674283.
5. Whelan S, Mannion A, Madden A, et al. Examining the Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Social Functioning, and Behavior Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Nat Sci Sleep 2022;14:675-695. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S239622.
6. Xiong M, Li F, Liu Z, et al. Efficacy of Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis. Neuropediatrics 2023. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1761437.
7. Ogundele MO, Yemula C. Management of sleep disorders among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A practical guide for clinicians. World J Clin Pediatr 2022;11(3):239-252. doi: 10.5409/ wjcp.v11.i3.239.
8. Tan-MacNeill KM, Smith IM, Jemcov A, et al. Barriers and facilitators to treating insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders: Parent and health care professional perspectives. Res Dev Disabil 2020;107:103792. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103792.
9. Rolling J, Rabot J, Schroder CM. Melatonin Treatment for Pediatric Patients with Insomnia: Is There a Place for It? Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1927-1944. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S340944.
10. Bruni O, Ottaviano S, Guidetti V, et al. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Sleep Research 1996,5:251-61.
11. Bacaro V, Gavriloff D, Lombardo C, Baglioni C. Sleep Characteristics in the Italian Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review. Clin Neuropsychiatry 2021;18(3):119-136. doi: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210302.
12. Byars KC, Yolton K, Rausch J, Lanphear B, Beebe DW. Prevalence, patterns, and persistence of sleep problems in the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics 2012;129(2):e276-84. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0372.
13. Bruni O, Angriman M, Calisti F, et al. Practitioner Review: Treatment of chronic insomnia in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018;59(5):489-508. doi: 10.1111/ jcpp.12812.
14. Parvataneni T, Srinivas S, Shah K, Patel RS. Perspective on Melatonin Use for Sleep Problems in Autism and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Cureus 2020;12 (5):e8335. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8335.
15. Bruni O, Angriman M, Melegari MG, Ferri R. Pharmacotherapeutic management of sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019;20(18):2257-71. doi: 10.1080/ 14656566.2019.1674283.
16. Nunes ML, Bruni O. Insomnia in childhood and adolescence: clinical aspects, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015;91(6 Suppl 1):S26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.08.006.
17. Stephen M. Sthal, Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, 5th edition 2021
Corrispondenza: francescabanditelli@gmail.com