Problemi speciali
Controllo del dolore da venipuntura e accesso venoso periferico: tecniche farmacologiche e non
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management during venipuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation in children
Giorgio Cozzi1, Egidio Barbi1,2
1IRCCS Materno-Infantile “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste
2Università di Trieste
Marzo 2024 - pagg. 163 -170 | DOI: 10.53126/MEB43163
Abstract
Venipuncture and peripheral intravenous access are the painful procedures more commonly performed in children. This article aims to present the techniques that are available and usually employed to decrease pain and distress during these procedures. Evidence shows that pharmacological techniques, such as the application of anaesthetic creams or topical anaesthesia, have the best pain-relieving effect. Nevertheless, considering that the painful experience during venipuncture and vascular access is related both to perceived pain and procedural anxiety, the integrated use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques is warranted. In this sense, the appropriate preparation is a cornerstone of the procedure. The article presents brief management strategies with easily implemented techniques that help improve daily practice.
Riassunto
La venipuntura e l'accesso endovenoso periferico sono le procedure dolorose più comunemente eseguite nei bambini. Questo articolo ha lo scopo di presentare le tecniche disponibili e solitamente utilizzate per ridurre il dolore e l'angoscia durante queste procedure. Le prove dimostrano che le tecniche farmacologiche, come l’applicazione di creme anestetiche o l’anestesia topica, hanno il miglior effetto antidolorifico. Tuttavia, considerando che l’esperienza dolorosa durante la venipuntura e l’accesso vascolare è correlata sia al dolore percepito che all’ansia da procedura, è giustificato l’uso integrato di tecniche farmacologiche e non farmacologiche. In questo senso, la preparazione adeguata è un elemento fondamentale della procedura. L'articolo presenta brevi strategie di gestione con tecniche facilmente implementabili che aiutano a migliorare la pratica quotidiana.
Parole chiave
Classificazione MeSH
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Corrispondenza: giorgio.cozzi@burlo.trieste.it