Neonatologia
Le infezioni neonatali tardive da streptococco di gruppo B: cosa dobbiamo sapere?
Late-onset group B streptococcal infections: what do paediatricians need to know?
Laura Riccipetitoni1, Francesca Miselli2, Martina Buttera1, Carolina Bondi1, Sofia Mazzotti1, Niccolò baraldi3, Luca Bedetti2, Licia Lugli2, Alberto Berardi2
1Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
2Unità di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena
3Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Ottobre 2024 - pagg. 509 -514 | DOI: 10.53126/MEB43509
Abstract
In some high-income countries, the widespread use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of early-onset infections (onset from 0 to 6 days of life) with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and late-onset infections (LOD, Late-Onset Disease, from 7 to 90 days of life) have become the most frequent invasive GBS infections. LODs may result in severe sepsis and meningitis that may lead to neurodevelopmental impairment or death; pathogenesis and mode of transmission of LOD remain poorly understood. Preterm infants, often with prolonged hospital stay in intensive care units, are particularly vulnerable to LOD. The primary goal of contemporary research is to increase knowledge of pathogenetic and transmission mechanisms to improve prevention and reduce the severity of these infections.
Riassunto
In alcuni Paesi ad alto reddito l’estesa diffusione della profilassi antibiotica intrapartum ha ridotto l’incidenza delle infezioni precoci (che esordiscono da 0 a 6 giorni di vita) da Streptococco di gruppo B (GBS) e le infezioni tardive (LOD, Late-Onset Disease, da 7 a 90 giorni di vita) sono diventate la più frequente infezione invasiva da GBS. Le LOD possono determinare gravi sepsi e meningiti che non raramente hanno esiti a lungo termine o sono talvolta mortali; patogenesi e modalità di trasmissione di queste infezioni rimangono ancora poco conosciute. I pretermine, spesso ricoverati a lungo nelle terapie intensive neonatali, sono particolarmente vulnerabili alle LOD. Obiettivo primario della ricerca contemporanea è quello di aumentare la conoscenza dei meccanismi patogenetici e di trasmissione per migliorare la prevenzione e ridurre la gravità di queste infezioni.
Parole chiave
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Classificazione MeSH
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