Vaccinare
La vaccinazione anti-papillomavirus: mai più senza!
Papillomavirus vaccination: never again without it! The evolution of knowledge
Rocco Russo1, Federico Marchetti2
1Unità Operativa Materno Infantile, ASL di Benevento
2UOC di Pediatria e Neonatologia, Ospedale di Ravenna, Dipartimento di Scienza Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna
Novembre 2024 - pagg. 575 -582 | DOI: 10.53126/MEB43575
Abstract
Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Most HPV infections resolve spontaneously within 2 years from infection; however, persistent infection may result in a wide array of diseases, ranging from genital warts to cancer. Most cases of cervical, anal and oropharyngeal cancers are due to HPV infection, with cervical cancer being one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. The development of HPV vaccine has shown a drastic decrease in HPV-related diseases. The vaccine, if administered before the start of sexual activity, prevents cervical cancer and shows effectiveness in over 90% of cases. Vaccination uptake remains low worldwide because of a limited knowledge of HPV. The use of a single-dose vaccine may facilitate the completion of prevention programmes for many children and adolescents as its efficacy and duration of protection is comparable to the two-dose schedule. Regular community sensitization and awareness campaigns by relevant authorities and implementers may help to increase the HPV vaccine uptake and decrease cancer and HPV-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Riassunto
Il papillomavirus umano è l'infezione sessualmente trasmissibile più comune al mondo. La maggior parte delle infezioni da HPV guarisce spontaneamente entro 2 anni dall'infezione; tuttavia, un'infezione persistente può causare una vasta gamma di malattie, che vanno dalle verruche genitali al cancro. La maggior parte dei casi di cancro cervicale, anale e orofaringeo sono dovuti all'infezione da HPV, con il cancro cervicale che è una delle principali cause di morte per neoplasie nelle donne in tutto il mondo. Lo sviluppo del vaccino contro l'HPV ha mostrato una drastica diminuzione delle malattie correlate all'HPV. Il vaccino, se somministrato prima dell’inizio dell’attività sessuale, previene il cancro cervicale con un'efficacia in oltre il 90% dei casi. I livelli di copertura vaccinale, a causa particolarmente di una limitata conoscenza nei confronti di tale virus, risultano essere bassi in tutto il mondo e nel nostro Paese. Adeguate campagne di informazione e sensibilizzazione della comunità da parte delle autorità competenti e degli operatori possono aiutare ad aumentare l'adesione al vaccino contro l'HPV e a ridurre la morbilità e la mortalità correlate al cancro e all'HPV in tutto il mondo.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
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Corrispondenza: roccorrusso@tin.it