Aggiornamento
La tubercolosi oggi
Tubercolosis in 2026: Diagnostic Pathways and Therapeutic Guidelines for Paediatricians
Raffaele Vitale1, Nasim Taheri2, Marco Denina1
1Infettivologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Infantile “Regina Margherita”, Torino
2Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, Universitŕ di Torino
Maggio 2026 - pagg. 295 -301 | DOI: 10.53126/MEB45295
Abstract
The incidence of paediatric tuberculosis is increasing both in Italy and in Europe and represents an emerging public health problem for a disease that seemed relegated to another time and place. The phenomenon, aggravated by factors such as migration, drug resistance and diagnostic delays, requires urgent attention to prevent the spread of the disease and to ensure timely and effective treatment. The article proposes a diagnostic-therapeutic pathway for patients who come to the attention of a first-level setting (outpatient or hospital). The text aims to shed light on the subject and is based on ministerial indications, recent North American guidelines and the experience of the Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit of the Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital in Turin. It also underlines some practical aspects such as reporting the illness, isolation, return to the community and resumption of therapy in case of non-compliance.
Riassunto
L’incidenza della tubercolosi in etŕ pediatrica č in aumento sia in Italia che in Europa, rappresentando un problema emergente per la sanitŕ pubblica per una malattia che sembrava relegata ad un altro tempo e altri luoghi. Questo fenomeno, aggravato da fattori come migrazioni, resistenze farmacologiche e ritardi diagnostici, richiede un’attenzione urgente per prevenire la diffusione della malattia e garantire trattamenti tempestivi ed efficaci. Nell’articolo proponiamo un percorso diagnostico-terapeutico per i pazienti che giungono all’attenzione di un setting di primo livello (ambulatoriale o ospedaliero). Il testo si propone di fare chiarezza sull’argomento e si basa sulle indicazioni ministeriali, sulle recenti linee guida nordamericane e sull’esperienza della Struttura di Malattie Infettive Pediatriche dell’Ospedale Infantile "Regina Margherita" di Torino. Riportiamo anche alcuni aspetti pratici come la notifica di malattia, l’isolamento, il rientro in comunitŕ e la ripresa della terapia in caso di mancata compliance.
Classificazione MeSH
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Corrispondenza: marco.denina@unito.it