Capire le malattie
Il ritardo di crescita intrauterina: una condizione multifattoriale
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT: DETERMINANTS OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION
RENATA BORTOLUS1, FABIO PARAZZINI1,2, DANIELE TREVISANUTO3
1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano;
2Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica I, Università di Milano
3Dipartimento di Pediatria - Servizio di Patologia Neonatale, Università di Padova
Marzo 1997 - pagg. 159 -163
Abstract
This review describes the main risk factors
for small for gestational age (SGA). Fifteen
percent of infants born each year in the
world are low birth weight (less than 2500
g), and 90% of these infants are born in
developing countries. Most of LBW in developed
countries are premature, while in developing
countries low birth weight mainly
intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). We
reviewed the literature concerning the most
important determinants of IUGR over the
last ten years. Genetic and constitutional,
demographic and psychosocial, obstetric
and nutritional factors and toxic exposures
in pregnancy were considered. In developed
countries, the most important single
determinant of IUGR is cigarette smoking.
In developing countries, the major determinants
are: poor nutrition during pregnancy,
low pre-pregnancy weight and poor weight
gain during pregnancy.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
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LBW in developing countries. Am J Obstet
Gynecol 143, 793-799, 1982.
2. Kramer MS: Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta- analysis. Bull WHO 65, 663-737, 1987.
3. Bortolus R, Parazzini F: Il basso peso. Revisione della letteratura sui principali determinanti noti del ritardo di crescita intrauterina. Ann Ost Gin Med Perin CXIV, 159-192, 1993.
4. Scholl TO, Hediger ML et al: Young maternal age and parity. Influences on pregnancy outcome. Ann Epidemiol 2, 565-575, 1992.
5. De Sanjose S, Roman E: Low birthweight, preterm, and small for gestational age babies in Scotland, 1981-1984. J Epidemiol Community Health 45, 207-210, 1991.
6. Michielutte R, Ernest JM et al: A comparison of risk assessment models for term and preterm low birthweight. Prev Med 21, 98- 109, 1992.
7. Lieberman E, Lang JM. et al: The association of inter-pregnancy interval with small for gestational age births. Obstet Gynecol 74, 1-5, 1989.
8. Ferraz EM, Gray RH, Cunha TM: Determinants of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation in North-East Brazil. Int J Epidemiol 19, 101-108, 1990.
9. Mavalankar DV, Gray R., Trivedi CR: Risk factors for preterm and term low birthweight in Ahmedabad, India. Int J Epidemiol 21, 263- 272, 1992.
10. Murray JL, Bernfield M: The differential effect of prenatal care on the incidence of low birth weight among blacks and whites in a prepaid health care plan. N Engl J Med 319, 1385-1391, 1988.
11. Read AW, Stanley FJ: Small-for-gestational- age term birth: the contribution of socioeconomic, behavioural and biological factors to recurrence. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 7, 177-194, 1993.
12. Fox SH, Koepsell TD, Daling JR: Birth weight and smoking during pregnancy. Effect modification by maternal age. Am J Epidemiol 139, 1008-1015, 1994.
13. Little RE: Moderate alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased infant birth weight. Am J Public Health 67, 1154-1156, 1977.
14. Bateman DA, Ng SKC et al: The effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure in newborns. Am J Public Health 83, 190-193, 1993.
15. Castro LC, Azen C et al: Maternal tobacco use and substance abuse: reported prevalence rates and associations with the delivery of small for gestational age neonates. Obstet Gynecol 81, 396-401, 1993.
16. Svanberg B: Smoking during pregnancy. Possibilities of prevention in antenatal care. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 8, Suppl. 1, 96-100, 1992.
17. Cnattingius S, Lindmark G, Meirik O: Who continues to smoke while pregnant? J Epidemiol Community Health 46, 218-221, 1992.
18. Behrman RE: Preventing low birth weight: a pediatric perspective. J Pediatrics 107, 842-854, 1985.
19. Kliegman RM, Rottman CJ, Behrman RE: Strategies for the prevention of low birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162, 1073-1083, 1990.
20. Parazzini F, Pirotta N et al: I determinanti della mortalità perinatale ed infantile nelle regioni italiane, 1980-1983. Ann Ost Gin Med Perin CXI, 9-146, 1990.
2. Kramer MS: Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta- analysis. Bull WHO 65, 663-737, 1987.
3. Bortolus R, Parazzini F: Il basso peso. Revisione della letteratura sui principali determinanti noti del ritardo di crescita intrauterina. Ann Ost Gin Med Perin CXIV, 159-192, 1993.
4. Scholl TO, Hediger ML et al: Young maternal age and parity. Influences on pregnancy outcome. Ann Epidemiol 2, 565-575, 1992.
5. De Sanjose S, Roman E: Low birthweight, preterm, and small for gestational age babies in Scotland, 1981-1984. J Epidemiol Community Health 45, 207-210, 1991.
6. Michielutte R, Ernest JM et al: A comparison of risk assessment models for term and preterm low birthweight. Prev Med 21, 98- 109, 1992.
7. Lieberman E, Lang JM. et al: The association of inter-pregnancy interval with small for gestational age births. Obstet Gynecol 74, 1-5, 1989.
8. Ferraz EM, Gray RH, Cunha TM: Determinants of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation in North-East Brazil. Int J Epidemiol 19, 101-108, 1990.
9. Mavalankar DV, Gray R., Trivedi CR: Risk factors for preterm and term low birthweight in Ahmedabad, India. Int J Epidemiol 21, 263- 272, 1992.
10. Murray JL, Bernfield M: The differential effect of prenatal care on the incidence of low birth weight among blacks and whites in a prepaid health care plan. N Engl J Med 319, 1385-1391, 1988.
11. Read AW, Stanley FJ: Small-for-gestational- age term birth: the contribution of socioeconomic, behavioural and biological factors to recurrence. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 7, 177-194, 1993.
12. Fox SH, Koepsell TD, Daling JR: Birth weight and smoking during pregnancy. Effect modification by maternal age. Am J Epidemiol 139, 1008-1015, 1994.
13. Little RE: Moderate alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased infant birth weight. Am J Public Health 67, 1154-1156, 1977.
14. Bateman DA, Ng SKC et al: The effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure in newborns. Am J Public Health 83, 190-193, 1993.
15. Castro LC, Azen C et al: Maternal tobacco use and substance abuse: reported prevalence rates and associations with the delivery of small for gestational age neonates. Obstet Gynecol 81, 396-401, 1993.
16. Svanberg B: Smoking during pregnancy. Possibilities of prevention in antenatal care. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 8, Suppl. 1, 96-100, 1992.
17. Cnattingius S, Lindmark G, Meirik O: Who continues to smoke while pregnant? J Epidemiol Community Health 46, 218-221, 1992.
18. Behrman RE: Preventing low birth weight: a pediatric perspective. J Pediatrics 107, 842-854, 1985.
19. Kliegman RM, Rottman CJ, Behrman RE: Strategies for the prevention of low birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162, 1073-1083, 1990.
20. Parazzini F, Pirotta N et al: I determinanti della mortalità perinatale ed infantile nelle regioni italiane, 1980-1983. Ann Ost Gin Med Perin CXI, 9-146, 1990.