Problemi correnti
La bronchite
BRONCHITIS
FRANCO PANIZON, SIMONA DI MARIO
Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste
Novembre 1997 - pagg. 577 -580
Abstract
The Authors review the clinical and ethiological
spectrum of bronchitis. Cough is
always the leading symptoms, and may be
accompanied by rhinorrhea, wheezing, or
vomitus. The combination of cough with
other symptoms, as well as the duration of
cough can contribute to diagnosis. Virol
ethiologies are most likely to be the cause
of cough persisting for less than 10 days,
especially if fever is mild or absent. Beyond
10 days, if pertussis can be ruled out, possible
ethiologies include Chlamydia, Mycoplasma,
Moraxella. As a consequence a
course of macrolides is indicated. Sinusitis
should be considered for chronic productive
cough in older children. Prevention of
recurrent bronchitis is based on prolonged,
esclusive breastfeeding and avoidance of
parental smoking. Environmental prophylaxis
of house dust mite is indicated for atopic
families.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
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10. Carballal G, Mahony JB, Vdela C: Chlamidial antibodies in children with lower respiratory disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 11, 68, 1992.
11. Gaillard D, Jouet JB, Gretau L et al: Airway epithelial damage and inflammation in children with recurrent bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150, 810, 1994.
12. Graham NMH: The epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children and adults: a global perspective. Epidemiologic Reviews 12, 149, 1990.
13. Zelikoff JT, Sisco MP, Yang Z et al: Immunotoxicity of sulfuric acid aerosol: effects on pulmonary macrophage effector and functional activities critical for maintaining host resistance against infectious diseases. Toxicology 92, 269, 1994.
14. Lercher P, Schnitzeberger R, Kofler W: Perceived traffic air pollution, associated behavior and health in an alpine area. The Science of the Total Environment 169, 71, 1995.
15. Weiss ST, Tager IB, Speizer FK, Rosner B: Persistent wheeze. Its relation to respiratory illness, cigarette smoking, and level of pulmonary function in a population sample of children. Amer Rev Resp Dis 122, 697, 1980.
16. Bland M, Bewley BR, Pollard V, Bank MH: Effect of children’s and parent’s smoking on respiratory symptomes. Arch Dis Child, 53, 100, 1978.
17. Di Franza JR, Lew RA: Morbidity and mortality in children associated with the use of tobacco products by other people. Pediatrics 97, 560, 1996.
18. Charlton A: Children and passive smoking: A review. J Family Pract 38, 267, 1994.
19. Buijs J, Borsboom G, van Gemund J: Toxocara seroprevalence in 5-year-old elementary schoolchildren: relation with allergic asthma. Amer J Epidemiol 140, 839, 1994.
20. Soederstroem M, Hovelius B, Prellner K: Children with recurrent respiratory tract infections tend to belong to families with health problems. Acta Paediatr Scand 80, 696, 1991.
21. Butler JC, Havens PL, Soxell AL et al: Measles severity and serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration among children in USA. Pediatrics 91, 1176, 1993.
22. Quinlan KP, Hayent KC: Vitamin A and respiratory virus infection. Serum level and supplementation. J Pediatr Adolesc Med 150, 251, 1996.
23. Glasziou PP, Mackerras DEM: Vitamin A supplementation in infectious diseases: a meta- analysis. BMJ 307, 17, 1993.
24. Odge L, Salome CM, Peat JK et al: Consumption of oily fish and childhood asthma risk. MJA 164, 137, 1996.
2. Wald ER: Sinusitis in children N Engl J Med (ed) 326, 319, 1992.
3. Daisuke U, Yuko Y: The ten-day mark as a practical diagnostic approach for acute paranasal sinisitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15, 576, 1996.
4. Gottfarb P, Brauner A: Children with persistent cough-outcome with treatment and role of Moraxella catharralis? Scand J Infect Dis 26, 545, 1994.
5. Oertquist A: Chlamydia pneumoniae (Twar): a common agent in acute bronchitis Scand J Infect Dis 26, 779, 1994.
6. Grayston JT: Chlamydia pneumoniae (Twar) infections in children. Ped Infect Dis J 13, 675-85, 1994.
7. Cook PJ, Honeybourne D: Chlamydia pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemoth 34, 859, 1994
8. Kauppinen M, Saikku P: Pneumonia to Chlamydia pneumoniae: prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Infect Dis 21, S244-52, 1995.
9. Bjoernsson E, Hjelm E, Janson C et al: Serology of Chlamydia in relation to asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Scand J Infect Dis 28, 63, 1996.
10. Carballal G, Mahony JB, Vdela C: Chlamidial antibodies in children with lower respiratory disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 11, 68, 1992.
11. Gaillard D, Jouet JB, Gretau L et al: Airway epithelial damage and inflammation in children with recurrent bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150, 810, 1994.
12. Graham NMH: The epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children and adults: a global perspective. Epidemiologic Reviews 12, 149, 1990.
13. Zelikoff JT, Sisco MP, Yang Z et al: Immunotoxicity of sulfuric acid aerosol: effects on pulmonary macrophage effector and functional activities critical for maintaining host resistance against infectious diseases. Toxicology 92, 269, 1994.
14. Lercher P, Schnitzeberger R, Kofler W: Perceived traffic air pollution, associated behavior and health in an alpine area. The Science of the Total Environment 169, 71, 1995.
15. Weiss ST, Tager IB, Speizer FK, Rosner B: Persistent wheeze. Its relation to respiratory illness, cigarette smoking, and level of pulmonary function in a population sample of children. Amer Rev Resp Dis 122, 697, 1980.
16. Bland M, Bewley BR, Pollard V, Bank MH: Effect of children’s and parent’s smoking on respiratory symptomes. Arch Dis Child, 53, 100, 1978.
17. Di Franza JR, Lew RA: Morbidity and mortality in children associated with the use of tobacco products by other people. Pediatrics 97, 560, 1996.
18. Charlton A: Children and passive smoking: A review. J Family Pract 38, 267, 1994.
19. Buijs J, Borsboom G, van Gemund J: Toxocara seroprevalence in 5-year-old elementary schoolchildren: relation with allergic asthma. Amer J Epidemiol 140, 839, 1994.
20. Soederstroem M, Hovelius B, Prellner K: Children with recurrent respiratory tract infections tend to belong to families with health problems. Acta Paediatr Scand 80, 696, 1991.
21. Butler JC, Havens PL, Soxell AL et al: Measles severity and serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration among children in USA. Pediatrics 91, 1176, 1993.
22. Quinlan KP, Hayent KC: Vitamin A and respiratory virus infection. Serum level and supplementation. J Pediatr Adolesc Med 150, 251, 1996.
23. Glasziou PP, Mackerras DEM: Vitamin A supplementation in infectious diseases: a meta- analysis. BMJ 307, 17, 1993.
24. Odge L, Salome CM, Peat JK et al: Consumption of oily fish and childhood asthma risk. MJA 164, 137, 1996.