Problemi non correnti
Il punto sulla “mucca pazza”
THE BSE ISSUE: A REVIEW
STEFANO ALESSANDRI, ANDREA MARTINI, PASQUALE CAMPANILE, ALESSANDRO GIORGETTI
ACP Toscana e Gruppo di Studio sul problema BSE della Facoltŕ di Agraria dell’Universitŕ di Firenze
Marzo 1998 - pagg. 179 -183
Abstract
The Authors review the existing evidence
about the "mad cow" issue. Hypothesis on
etiologic agents, transmission and diffusion
patterns are illustrated. Similarities with
other prion-dependent diseases are stressed.
The risks for humans in view of current
epidemiologic evidence and european and
national legislation are discussed and recommendations
are given to minimize them.
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
Scienze 319, 22-30, 1995.
6. Brown P, Liberski PP, Wolff A, Gajdusek DC: Resistance of scrapie infectivity to steam autoclaving after formaldehyde fixation and limited survival after ashing at 360degC: practical and theoretical implications. Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 161, 467-72, 1990.
10. Collinge J, Sidle KCL, Meads J, Ironside J, Hill AF: Molecular analysis of prion strain variation and aetiology of ‘new variant’ CJD. Nature Vol. 383, 685-90, 1996a.
22. Manuelidis L, Fritch W: Infectivity and host responses in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Virology 216, 1, 46-59, 1996.
30. Brown P, Gajdusek DC: Survival of scrapie virus after 3 years’ interment. Lancet (British edition) Vol. 337, 8736, 169-270, 1991.
36. Tamai Y, Kojima H, Kitajima R, Taguchi F, Ohtani Y, Kawaguchi T, Miura S, Sato M: Demonstration of the transmissible agent in tissue from a pregnant woman with Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease. N Engl J Med 327, 649, 1992.
48. Windl O, Dempster M, Estibeiro JP, Lathe R, de Silva R, Esmonde T, Will R, Springbett A, Campbell TA, Sidle KC, Palmer MS, Collinge J: Genetic basis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom: a systematic analysis of predisposing mutations and allelic variation in the PRNP gene. Human Genetics 98, 3, 259-64, 1996.
49. Will RG, Ironside JW, Zeidler M, Cousens SN, Estibeiro K, Alperovitch A, Poser S, Pocchiari M, Hofman A, Smith PG: A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK. Lancet 347, 921-5, 1996.
59. Anderson RM, Donnelly CA, Ferguson NM, Woolhouse MEJ, Watt CJ, Udy HJ, MaWhinney S, Dunstan SP, Southwood TR E, Wilesmith JW, Ryan JBM, Hoinville LJ, Hillerton JE, Austin AR, Wells GAH: Transmission dynamics and epidemiology of BSE in British cattle. Nature 382, 29/08, 779-788, 1996.
66. Foster JD, Hope J, Fraser H: Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to sheep and goats. Veterinary Record 133, 14, 339-341, 1993.
67. Dawson M, Wells GAH, Parker BNJ, Scott AC: Primary parenteral transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to the pig. Veterinary Record 127, 13, 338, 1990.
69. Barlow RM, Middleton DJ: Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice. Veterinary Record 126, 5, 111- 112, 1990.
77. Bons N, Mestrie-Frances N, Charnay Y, Tagliavini F: Spontaneous spongiform encephalopathy in a young adult rhesus monkey. Lancet (British edition), 348, 9019, 55, 1996.
82. Collinge J, Beck J, Campbell T: Prion protein gene analysis in new varaint cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Lancet 348, 6/7, 56, 1996.
83. Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies at Work. HMSO London, 1994.
86. Taylor DM, McConnell I, Fraser H: Scrapie infection can be established readily through skin scarification in immunocompetent but not immunodeficient mice. Journal of General Virology 77, 7, 1595-99, 1996.
87. Taylor DM: Exposure to, and inactivation of the unconventional agents that cause transmissible degenerative encephalopathies. Methods in Molecular Medicine - Prion Diseases p105-118, 1996.
94. World Health Organization: Emerging and Other Communicable Diseases. Excerpts from Report of a WHO Consultation on Clinical and Neuropathological Characteristics of the New Variant of CJD and Other Human and Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Geneva, Switzerland 14-16 May, 1996.
95. World Health Organization: International experts propose measures to limit spread of BSE and reduce possible human risk from disease. Press Release WHO 28 - 3 Apr. 1996, Rev1 (15 Apr.). http://www.who.ch/press/1996/pr96-28.html.
96. Temporary committee of inquiry into BSE: Report on alleged contraventions or maladministration in the implementation of Community law in relation to BSE, without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Community and national courts. 7 February, A4-0020/97/A., 1997.
99. Manuelidis L, Fritch W, Xi YG: Evolution of a stratin of CJD that induces BSE-like Plaques. Science 277, Jul 4, 94-98, 1997.
102. Bruce ME, Will RG, Ironside JW, Mc- Connel I, Drummond D, Suttie A, Mc Cardle L, Chree A, Hope J, Birkett C, Cousens S, Fraser H, Bostock CJ: Transmissions to mice indicate that ‘new variant’ CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature 389, 2 Oct., 1997.
104. Cousens SN, Zeidler M, Esmonde TF, De Silva R, Wilesmith JW, Smith PG, Will RG: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom: analysis of epidemiological surveillance data for 1970-96. BMJ 315, 7105, 1997.
106. Lasmezas CI, Deslys JP, Demaimay R, Adjou KT, Lamoury F, Dormont D, Robain O, Ironside J, Hauw JJ: BSE transmission to macaques. Nature 381, 6585, 743-4, 1996.
6. Brown P, Liberski PP, Wolff A, Gajdusek DC: Resistance of scrapie infectivity to steam autoclaving after formaldehyde fixation and limited survival after ashing at 360degC: practical and theoretical implications. Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 161, 467-72, 1990.
10. Collinge J, Sidle KCL, Meads J, Ironside J, Hill AF: Molecular analysis of prion strain variation and aetiology of ‘new variant’ CJD. Nature Vol. 383, 685-90, 1996a.
22. Manuelidis L, Fritch W: Infectivity and host responses in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Virology 216, 1, 46-59, 1996.
30. Brown P, Gajdusek DC: Survival of scrapie virus after 3 years’ interment. Lancet (British edition) Vol. 337, 8736, 169-270, 1991.
36. Tamai Y, Kojima H, Kitajima R, Taguchi F, Ohtani Y, Kawaguchi T, Miura S, Sato M: Demonstration of the transmissible agent in tissue from a pregnant woman with Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease. N Engl J Med 327, 649, 1992.
48. Windl O, Dempster M, Estibeiro JP, Lathe R, de Silva R, Esmonde T, Will R, Springbett A, Campbell TA, Sidle KC, Palmer MS, Collinge J: Genetic basis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom: a systematic analysis of predisposing mutations and allelic variation in the PRNP gene. Human Genetics 98, 3, 259-64, 1996.
49. Will RG, Ironside JW, Zeidler M, Cousens SN, Estibeiro K, Alperovitch A, Poser S, Pocchiari M, Hofman A, Smith PG: A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK. Lancet 347, 921-5, 1996.
59. Anderson RM, Donnelly CA, Ferguson NM, Woolhouse MEJ, Watt CJ, Udy HJ, MaWhinney S, Dunstan SP, Southwood TR E, Wilesmith JW, Ryan JBM, Hoinville LJ, Hillerton JE, Austin AR, Wells GAH: Transmission dynamics and epidemiology of BSE in British cattle. Nature 382, 29/08, 779-788, 1996.
66. Foster JD, Hope J, Fraser H: Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to sheep and goats. Veterinary Record 133, 14, 339-341, 1993.
67. Dawson M, Wells GAH, Parker BNJ, Scott AC: Primary parenteral transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to the pig. Veterinary Record 127, 13, 338, 1990.
69. Barlow RM, Middleton DJ: Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice. Veterinary Record 126, 5, 111- 112, 1990.
77. Bons N, Mestrie-Frances N, Charnay Y, Tagliavini F: Spontaneous spongiform encephalopathy in a young adult rhesus monkey. Lancet (British edition), 348, 9019, 55, 1996.
82. Collinge J, Beck J, Campbell T: Prion protein gene analysis in new varaint cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Lancet 348, 6/7, 56, 1996.
83. Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies at Work. HMSO London, 1994.
86. Taylor DM, McConnell I, Fraser H: Scrapie infection can be established readily through skin scarification in immunocompetent but not immunodeficient mice. Journal of General Virology 77, 7, 1595-99, 1996.
87. Taylor DM: Exposure to, and inactivation of the unconventional agents that cause transmissible degenerative encephalopathies. Methods in Molecular Medicine - Prion Diseases p105-118, 1996.
94. World Health Organization: Emerging and Other Communicable Diseases. Excerpts from Report of a WHO Consultation on Clinical and Neuropathological Characteristics of the New Variant of CJD and Other Human and Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Geneva, Switzerland 14-16 May, 1996.
95. World Health Organization: International experts propose measures to limit spread of BSE and reduce possible human risk from disease. Press Release WHO 28 - 3 Apr. 1996, Rev1 (15 Apr.). http://www.who.ch/press/1996/pr96-28.html.
96. Temporary committee of inquiry into BSE: Report on alleged contraventions or maladministration in the implementation of Community law in relation to BSE, without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Community and national courts. 7 February, A4-0020/97/A., 1997.
99. Manuelidis L, Fritch W, Xi YG: Evolution of a stratin of CJD that induces BSE-like Plaques. Science 277, Jul 4, 94-98, 1997.
102. Bruce ME, Will RG, Ironside JW, Mc- Connel I, Drummond D, Suttie A, Mc Cardle L, Chree A, Hope J, Birkett C, Cousens S, Fraser H, Bostock CJ: Transmissions to mice indicate that ‘new variant’ CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature 389, 2 Oct., 1997.
104. Cousens SN, Zeidler M, Esmonde TF, De Silva R, Wilesmith JW, Smith PG, Will RG: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom: analysis of epidemiological surveillance data for 1970-96. BMJ 315, 7105, 1997.
106. Lasmezas CI, Deslys JP, Demaimay R, Adjou KT, Lamoury F, Dormont D, Robain O, Ironside J, Hauw JJ: BSE transmission to macaques. Nature 381, 6585, 743-4, 1996.