L'angolo dell'immunologo
L’apoptosi nella fisiologia e nella patologia umana
TARCISIO NOT, EMANUELE BURATTI, IRENE BERTI, CHIARA TREVISIOL, ELENA NERI, ALBERTO TOMMASINI
Laboratorio Immunologico, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste
Aprile 1998 - pagg. 251 -254
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Steller H: Mechanisms and genes of cellular
suicide. Science 267, 1445-9, 1995.
2. Thompson CB: Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Disease. Science 267, 1456-62, 1995.
3. Rudin CM, Thompson CB: Apoptosis and disease. Annu Rev Med 48, 267-81, 1997.
4. Tsujimoto Y, Croce CM: Analysis of the structure, transcription, and protein products of bcl-2, the gene involved in human follicular lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 5214-8, 1986.
5. Strasser A, Huang DCS, Vaux DL: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1333, F151-F178, 1997. 6 Kroemer G: The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis. Nat Med 3, 614-20, 1997.
7. Minn AJ, Rudin CM, Boise LH, Thompson CB: Expression of Bcl-xL can confer a multidrug resistence phenotype. Blood 86, 1903-10, 1995.
8. Campos L, Rouault J-P, Sabido O, et al. Blood 81, 3091-3096, 1993.
9. Ikegaki N, Katsumata M, Minna J, et al. Cancer Res 54, 6-8, 1994.
10. Castle VP, Heidelberger KP, Bromberg J, et al. Am J Pathol 143, 1543-1550, 1993.
11. Harris CC, Hollstein M: Clinical implications of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. N Engl J Med 329, 1318-1327, 1993.
12. Kleihues P, Schauble B, zur Hausen A, et al: Tumors associated with p53 germline mutations: a synopsis of 91 families. Am J Pathol 150, 1-13, 1997.
13. Symonds H, Krall L, Remington L, et al: P53 dependent apoptosis suppress tumor growth and progression in vivo. Cell 78, 703- 11, 1994.
14. Friend SH, Malkin D, Jolly KW, et al: Germline mutations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in children and young adults with second malignant neoplasm. N Engl J Med 326, 1309-15, 1992.
15. Lowe SW, Ruley HE, Jacks T, Housman DE: P53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. Cell 74, 957-67, 1993.
16. Harris CC, Hollstein M: Clinical implications of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. N Engl J Med 329, 1318-27, 1993.
17. Henderson S, Huen D, Rowe M, et al: Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 8479-83, 1993.
18. Gougeon ML, Montagnier L: Apoptosis in AIDS. Science 260, 1269-70, 1993.
19. Nagata S, Golstein P: The fas death factor. Science 267, 1449-1456, 1995.
20. George JF, Sweeney SD, Kirklin JK, et al: An essential role for Fas ligand in transplantation tolerance induced by donor bone marrow. Nat Med 4, 333-5, 1998.
21. Dayan CM: Fas-L expression on epithelial cells: the Bottazzo-Feldmann hypotesis revisited. Immunol Today 18, 203, 1997.
22. Yamatsuji T, Matsui T, Okamoto T, et al: G protein mediated neuronal DNA fragmentation induced by familial Alzheimer’s disease- associated mutants of APP. Science 272, 1349-52, 1996.
23. Wolozin B, Iwasaki K, Vito P, et al: Participation of presenilin 2 in apoptosis: enhanced basal activity conferred by an Alzheimer mutation. Science 274, 1710-3, 1996.
24. Troncoso JC, Sukhov RR, Kawas CH, et al: In situ labeling of dying cortical neurons in normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease: correlations with senile plaques and disease progression. J Neuropath Exper Neurol 55, 1134-42, 1996.
25. Brache C, Bertini E: Spinal muscolar atrophies: recent insight and impact on molecular diagnosis. J Mol Med 74, 555-62, 1996.
26. Roy N, Mahadevan MS, McLean M, et al: The gene for neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein is partially deleted in individuals with spinal muscolar atrophy. Cell 80, 167-78, 1995.
27. Canale VC, Smith CH: Chronic lymphadenopathy simulating malignant lymphoma. J Pediatr 70, 891-9, 1967.
28. Elkon KB, Drappa J, Vaishnaw AK, et al: Fas gene mutations in the Canale-Smith syndrome, an inherrited lymphoproliferative disorder associated with autoimmunity. N Engl J Med 335, 1643-9, 1996.
29. Fisher GH, Rosemberg FJ, Straus SE, et al: Dominant interfering fas gene mutations impair apoptosis in a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Cell 81, 935- 946, 1995.
30. Sneller MC, Straus SE, Jaffe ES, et al: A novel lymphoproliferative autoimmune syndrome resembling murine lpr/gld disease. J Clin Invest 90, 334-341, 1992.
31. de Villartay JP, Rieux-Laucat F, Le Deist F, et al: Mutations in fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity. Science 268, 1347-9, 1995.
32. Le Deist F, Emile JF, Rieux-Laucat F, et al: Clinical, immunological, and pathological consequences of Fas-deficient conditions. Lancet 348, 719-23, 1996.
33. Dianzani U, Bragardo M, Ramenghi U, et al: Deficiency of the fas apoptosis pathway without fas gene mutation in pediatric patients with autoimmunity/lymphoprolipheration. Blood 89, 2871-9, 1997.
34. Nagata S, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Brannan CI, et al: Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 356, 314- 317, 1992.
35. Amoura Z, Chabre H, Koutouzov S, et al: Nucleosome restricted antibodies are detected before anti ds-DNA and/or antihistone antibodies in serum of MLR-Mp lpr/lpr mice and +/+ mice, and are present in kidney eluates of lupus mice with proteinuria. Arthritis Rheum 37, 1684-8, 1994.
36. Casiano CA, Tan EM: Recent developments in the understanding of antinuclear autoantibodies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 111, 308-313, 1996.
37. Comfurius P, Bevers EM, Galli M, Zwaal RFA, et al: Regulation of phospholipid asymmetry and induction of antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus 4, S19-S22, 1995.
38. Manfredi A, Rovere P, Galati G, et al: Apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Arthritis Rheum 41, 205- 214, 1998.
39. Ferguson TA, Griffith TS: Cell death and the immune response: a lesson from the privileged. J Clin Immunol 17, 1-10, 1997.
40. Chan CC, Matteson DM, Li Q, et al: Apoptosis in patients with posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmology 115, 1559-67, 1997.
2. Thompson CB: Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Disease. Science 267, 1456-62, 1995.
3. Rudin CM, Thompson CB: Apoptosis and disease. Annu Rev Med 48, 267-81, 1997.
4. Tsujimoto Y, Croce CM: Analysis of the structure, transcription, and protein products of bcl-2, the gene involved in human follicular lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 5214-8, 1986.
5. Strasser A, Huang DCS, Vaux DL: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1333, F151-F178, 1997. 6 Kroemer G: The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis. Nat Med 3, 614-20, 1997.
7. Minn AJ, Rudin CM, Boise LH, Thompson CB: Expression of Bcl-xL can confer a multidrug resistence phenotype. Blood 86, 1903-10, 1995.
8. Campos L, Rouault J-P, Sabido O, et al. Blood 81, 3091-3096, 1993.
9. Ikegaki N, Katsumata M, Minna J, et al. Cancer Res 54, 6-8, 1994.
10. Castle VP, Heidelberger KP, Bromberg J, et al. Am J Pathol 143, 1543-1550, 1993.
11. Harris CC, Hollstein M: Clinical implications of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. N Engl J Med 329, 1318-1327, 1993.
12. Kleihues P, Schauble B, zur Hausen A, et al: Tumors associated with p53 germline mutations: a synopsis of 91 families. Am J Pathol 150, 1-13, 1997.
13. Symonds H, Krall L, Remington L, et al: P53 dependent apoptosis suppress tumor growth and progression in vivo. Cell 78, 703- 11, 1994.
14. Friend SH, Malkin D, Jolly KW, et al: Germline mutations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in children and young adults with second malignant neoplasm. N Engl J Med 326, 1309-15, 1992.
15. Lowe SW, Ruley HE, Jacks T, Housman DE: P53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. Cell 74, 957-67, 1993.
16. Harris CC, Hollstein M: Clinical implications of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. N Engl J Med 329, 1318-27, 1993.
17. Henderson S, Huen D, Rowe M, et al: Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 8479-83, 1993.
18. Gougeon ML, Montagnier L: Apoptosis in AIDS. Science 260, 1269-70, 1993.
19. Nagata S, Golstein P: The fas death factor. Science 267, 1449-1456, 1995.
20. George JF, Sweeney SD, Kirklin JK, et al: An essential role for Fas ligand in transplantation tolerance induced by donor bone marrow. Nat Med 4, 333-5, 1998.
21. Dayan CM: Fas-L expression on epithelial cells: the Bottazzo-Feldmann hypotesis revisited. Immunol Today 18, 203, 1997.
22. Yamatsuji T, Matsui T, Okamoto T, et al: G protein mediated neuronal DNA fragmentation induced by familial Alzheimer’s disease- associated mutants of APP. Science 272, 1349-52, 1996.
23. Wolozin B, Iwasaki K, Vito P, et al: Participation of presenilin 2 in apoptosis: enhanced basal activity conferred by an Alzheimer mutation. Science 274, 1710-3, 1996.
24. Troncoso JC, Sukhov RR, Kawas CH, et al: In situ labeling of dying cortical neurons in normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease: correlations with senile plaques and disease progression. J Neuropath Exper Neurol 55, 1134-42, 1996.
25. Brache C, Bertini E: Spinal muscolar atrophies: recent insight and impact on molecular diagnosis. J Mol Med 74, 555-62, 1996.
26. Roy N, Mahadevan MS, McLean M, et al: The gene for neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein is partially deleted in individuals with spinal muscolar atrophy. Cell 80, 167-78, 1995.
27. Canale VC, Smith CH: Chronic lymphadenopathy simulating malignant lymphoma. J Pediatr 70, 891-9, 1967.
28. Elkon KB, Drappa J, Vaishnaw AK, et al: Fas gene mutations in the Canale-Smith syndrome, an inherrited lymphoproliferative disorder associated with autoimmunity. N Engl J Med 335, 1643-9, 1996.
29. Fisher GH, Rosemberg FJ, Straus SE, et al: Dominant interfering fas gene mutations impair apoptosis in a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Cell 81, 935- 946, 1995.
30. Sneller MC, Straus SE, Jaffe ES, et al: A novel lymphoproliferative autoimmune syndrome resembling murine lpr/gld disease. J Clin Invest 90, 334-341, 1992.
31. de Villartay JP, Rieux-Laucat F, Le Deist F, et al: Mutations in fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity. Science 268, 1347-9, 1995.
32. Le Deist F, Emile JF, Rieux-Laucat F, et al: Clinical, immunological, and pathological consequences of Fas-deficient conditions. Lancet 348, 719-23, 1996.
33. Dianzani U, Bragardo M, Ramenghi U, et al: Deficiency of the fas apoptosis pathway without fas gene mutation in pediatric patients with autoimmunity/lymphoprolipheration. Blood 89, 2871-9, 1997.
34. Nagata S, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Brannan CI, et al: Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 356, 314- 317, 1992.
35. Amoura Z, Chabre H, Koutouzov S, et al: Nucleosome restricted antibodies are detected before anti ds-DNA and/or antihistone antibodies in serum of MLR-Mp lpr/lpr mice and +/+ mice, and are present in kidney eluates of lupus mice with proteinuria. Arthritis Rheum 37, 1684-8, 1994.
36. Casiano CA, Tan EM: Recent developments in the understanding of antinuclear autoantibodies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 111, 308-313, 1996.
37. Comfurius P, Bevers EM, Galli M, Zwaal RFA, et al: Regulation of phospholipid asymmetry and induction of antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus 4, S19-S22, 1995.
38. Manfredi A, Rovere P, Galati G, et al: Apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Arthritis Rheum 41, 205- 214, 1998.
39. Ferguson TA, Griffith TS: Cell death and the immune response: a lesson from the privileged. J Clin Immunol 17, 1-10, 1997.
40. Chan CC, Matteson DM, Li Q, et al: Apoptosis in patients with posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmology 115, 1559-67, 1997.