Epidemiologia
Epidemiologia del parto pretermine
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRETERM BIRTH
RENATA BORTOLUS1, FABIO PARAZZINI1,2, LILIANE CHATENOUD1, ALBERTO MARINI3, PASQUALE CATAPANO3
1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano
2I Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, Università di Milano
3Servizio di Ecografia, Divisione Ostetrico-Ginecologica, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova
Giugno 1998 - pagg. 385 -391
Abstract
The review describes the main risk factors
for prematurity. Preterm birth is the single
most important cause of perinatal mortality
in North America and Europe. We reviewed
the most important determinants related
to preterm birth appeared on the more
recent literature. Genetic and constitutional,
demographic and psychosocial, obstetric
and nutritional factors, prenatal care
and physical activity, infections and toxic
exposures in pregnancy were reviewed.
Risk factors for preterm birth that appear
reasonably well established include black
race, single marital and low socioeconomic
status, previous low birth weight or preterm
delivery, multiple second trimester spontaneous
abortions, in vitro fertilization pregnancy,
placental, cervical and uterine
anomalies, gestational bleeding, multiple
gestations and cigarette smoking.
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Institute of Medicine: National Academy of
Sciences: Preventing low birth weight. National
Academy Press, Washington DC, 1985.
2. Arias F, Tomich P: Etiology and outcome of low birth weight and preterm infants. Obstet Gynecol 60, 277-281, 1982.
3. Kitchen WF, Doyle LW, Ford EG, et al: Very low birth weight and growth to age 8 years. I. Weight and height. Am J Dis Child 146, 40-45, 1992.
4. Ross G, Lipper EG, Auld PAM: Growth achievement of very low birth weight premature children at school age. J Pediatr 117, 307-309, 1990.
5. Escobar GJ, Littenberg B, Petitti DB: Outcome among surviving very low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 66, 204-211, 1991.
6. Veen S, Ens-Dokkum MH, Schreuder AM, et al: Impairments, disabilities, and handicaps of very preterm and very-low-birth weight infants at five years of age: The Collaborative Project on Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants (POPS) in the Netherlands. Lancet 338, 33-36, 1991.
7. Kramer MS, McLean FH, Boyd ME, et al: The validity of gestational age estimation by menstrual dating in term, preterm, and postterm gestations. JAMA 260, 3306-3308, 1988.
8. McCormick MC: The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity. N Engl J Med 312, 82- 90, 1985.
9. Alberman E: Why are stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates continuing to fall? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92, 559-564, 1985.
10. Bréart G, Blondel B, Kaminski M, et al: Mortalité et morbidité périnatales en France. In: Tournaise M ed. Mises à jour en gynécologie et obstétrique. Paris, France: Vigot Editions, 175-214, 1991.
11. National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the United States 1988. Vol 1. Natality. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1990.
12. National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the United States 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1988. Vol 1. Natality. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1988.
13. Zetterstrom R, Eriksson M: Organisation et résultats de la médecine périnatale en Suède. Arch Fr Pediatr 41, 301-305, 1984.
14. Peters TJ, Golding J, Butler NR, et al: Plus: ça change: predictors of birth weight in two national studies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 90, 1040-1045, 1983.
15. Rumeau-Rouquette C, du Mazaubrun C, Rabarison Y: Naître en France: 10 ans d’évolution, 1972-1981. Paris, France: INSERM /Doin, 1984.
16. Parazzini F, Pirotta N, La Vecchia C, et al: I determinanti della mortalità perinatale ed infantile nelle regioni italiane 1980-1983. Ann Ost Gyn Med Perin CXI, 9-146, 1990.
17. Villar J, Belizan JM: The relative contribution of prematurity and fetal growth retardation to low birth weight in developing and developed societies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143, 793-798, 1982.
18. Savitz DA, Blackmore CA, Thorp JM: Epidemiologic characteristics of preterm delivery: etiologic heterogeneity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164, 46-71, 1991.
19. Kramer MS: Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta- analysis. Bull WHO 65, 663-737, 1987.
20. Migone A, Emanuel I, Mueller B, et al: Gestational duration and birthweight in white, black and mixed-race babies. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 5, 378-391, 1991.
21. Kramer MS, McLean FH, Eason EL, et al: Maternal nutrition and spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol 136, 574-583, 1992.
22. Kleinman JC: Maternal weight gain during pregnancy: determinants and consequences. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1990. (NCHS working paper no. 33).
23. Romero R, Oyarzun E, Mazor M, et al: Meta-analysis of the relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and preterm delivery/ low birth weight. Obstet Gynecol 73, 576-582, 1989.
24. Barnes DL, Adair LS, Popkin BM: Women’s physical activity and pregnancy outcome: a longitudinal analysis from the Philippines. Int J Epidemiol 20, 162-172, 1991.
25. Berkowitz GS, Papiernik E: Epidemiology of preterm birth. Epidemiol Reviews 15, 414- 443, 1993.
2. Arias F, Tomich P: Etiology and outcome of low birth weight and preterm infants. Obstet Gynecol 60, 277-281, 1982.
3. Kitchen WF, Doyle LW, Ford EG, et al: Very low birth weight and growth to age 8 years. I. Weight and height. Am J Dis Child 146, 40-45, 1992.
4. Ross G, Lipper EG, Auld PAM: Growth achievement of very low birth weight premature children at school age. J Pediatr 117, 307-309, 1990.
5. Escobar GJ, Littenberg B, Petitti DB: Outcome among surviving very low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 66, 204-211, 1991.
6. Veen S, Ens-Dokkum MH, Schreuder AM, et al: Impairments, disabilities, and handicaps of very preterm and very-low-birth weight infants at five years of age: The Collaborative Project on Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants (POPS) in the Netherlands. Lancet 338, 33-36, 1991.
7. Kramer MS, McLean FH, Boyd ME, et al: The validity of gestational age estimation by menstrual dating in term, preterm, and postterm gestations. JAMA 260, 3306-3308, 1988.
8. McCormick MC: The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity. N Engl J Med 312, 82- 90, 1985.
9. Alberman E: Why are stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates continuing to fall? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92, 559-564, 1985.
10. Bréart G, Blondel B, Kaminski M, et al: Mortalité et morbidité périnatales en France. In: Tournaise M ed. Mises à jour en gynécologie et obstétrique. Paris, France: Vigot Editions, 175-214, 1991.
11. National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the United States 1988. Vol 1. Natality. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1990.
12. National Center for Health Statistics: Vital Statistics of the United States 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1988. Vol 1. Natality. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1988.
13. Zetterstrom R, Eriksson M: Organisation et résultats de la médecine périnatale en Suède. Arch Fr Pediatr 41, 301-305, 1984.
14. Peters TJ, Golding J, Butler NR, et al: Plus: ça change: predictors of birth weight in two national studies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 90, 1040-1045, 1983.
15. Rumeau-Rouquette C, du Mazaubrun C, Rabarison Y: Naître en France: 10 ans d’évolution, 1972-1981. Paris, France: INSERM /Doin, 1984.
16. Parazzini F, Pirotta N, La Vecchia C, et al: I determinanti della mortalità perinatale ed infantile nelle regioni italiane 1980-1983. Ann Ost Gyn Med Perin CXI, 9-146, 1990.
17. Villar J, Belizan JM: The relative contribution of prematurity and fetal growth retardation to low birth weight in developing and developed societies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143, 793-798, 1982.
18. Savitz DA, Blackmore CA, Thorp JM: Epidemiologic characteristics of preterm delivery: etiologic heterogeneity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164, 46-71, 1991.
19. Kramer MS: Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta- analysis. Bull WHO 65, 663-737, 1987.
20. Migone A, Emanuel I, Mueller B, et al: Gestational duration and birthweight in white, black and mixed-race babies. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 5, 378-391, 1991.
21. Kramer MS, McLean FH, Eason EL, et al: Maternal nutrition and spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol 136, 574-583, 1992.
22. Kleinman JC: Maternal weight gain during pregnancy: determinants and consequences. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1990. (NCHS working paper no. 33).
23. Romero R, Oyarzun E, Mazor M, et al: Meta-analysis of the relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and preterm delivery/ low birth weight. Obstet Gynecol 73, 576-582, 1989.
24. Barnes DL, Adair LS, Popkin BM: Women’s physical activity and pregnancy outcome: a longitudinal analysis from the Philippines. Int J Epidemiol 20, 162-172, 1991.
25. Berkowitz GS, Papiernik E: Epidemiology of preterm birth. Epidemiol Reviews 15, 414- 443, 1993.