Problemi correnti
La valutazione dello sviluppo psicomotorio nel primo anno di vita
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
GHERARDO RAPISARDI
Cattedra di Pediatria Preventiva e Sociale, Università degli Studi - TIN, Azienda Ospedaliera Meyer, Firenze
Gennaio 1999 - pagg. 27 -33
Abstract
A neurodevelopmental assessment is proposed, based largely on Milani Comparetti’s concepts,
and enriched by certain neonatal neurobehavioral items of Brazelton and Als and
the Prechtl’s general movements (GMs) assessment in the first four months of life. It privileges
the observation of spontaneous motor and interactive behavioral activity at four different
phases during the first year of life, according to the stages of the separation-individuation
process. Three main parameters are assessed: a) autonomic stability, focused on the
first trimester; b) motor activity, divided into the non-functional spontaneous movement repertoire
and adaptive functional motor activity; c) behavioral modulation, interpersonal
and with the environment and objects. It is a simple, non intrusive method intended to be
included in routine pediatric assessment. The overall main goal is to enable the pediatrician,
through the assessment of normality, to reveal any deficit needing referral for specialistic
investigation.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Rapisardi G: Lo sviluppo del nato pretermine:
valutazione e problematiche nel corso del
I anno di vita. Riabilitazione Oggi, in press,
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2. Rapisardi G: L’esame neuroevolutivo neonatale. In: Bottos M e Rapisardi G (a cura di), Atti del Convegno “Diagnosi e Trattamento Precoce nella Paralisi Cerebrale Infantile. Come eravamo, come siamo: significato e limite negli anni ’90”. Ed. Fisioray, Firenze, pp. 48- 55, 1994.
3. Rapisardi G, Cioni ML, Mattei P, Scarano E, Donzelli GP: Early motor repertoire assessment and the diagnosis of cerebral palsy in NICU graduates. International Symposium on Qualitative Assessment of General Movements and Cerebral Palsy. Graz, 26-28 nov. 1998, pp. 10-11.
4. Milani Comparetti A: Semeiotica Neuroevolutiva. Prospettive in Pediatria 48, 305-14, 1982.
5. Brazelton TB e Nugent K: La scala di valutazione del comportamento del neonato. Edizione italiana della III edizione americana (1995), a cura di G. Rapisardi, Milano, Masson 1997.
6. Als H. Towards a synactive theory of development: promise for the assessment of infant individuality. Infant Ment Health J 3, 229- 43, 1982.
7. Als H, Lester BM, Tronick E, Brazelton TB: Manual for the assessment of preterm infants’ behaviour (APIB). In: Fitzgerald H, Lester BM, Yogman MW (eds), Theory and Research in Behavioural Pediatrics, vol. 1. New York, Plenum Press, pp. 65-132, 1982.
8. Hopkins B, Prechtl HFR: A qualitative approach to the development of movements during infancy. In: Prechtl HFR (ed), Continuity of neural functions from prenatal to postnatal life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, vol. No. 94., London, Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Oxford, UK, pp 179-97, 1984.
9. Prechtl HFR: Qualitative changes of spontaneous movements in fetus and preterm infant are a marker of neurological dysfunction. Early Hum Dev 23, 151-8, 1990.
10. Prechtl HFR, Ferrari F, Cioni G: Predictive value of general movements in asphyxiated fullterm infants. Early Hum Dev 35, 91- 120, 1993.
11. Cioni G, Prechtl HFR: Preterm and early postterm motor behaviour in low-risk premature infants. Early Hum Dev 23, 159-91, 1990.
12. Ferrari F, Cioni G, Prechtl HFR: Qualitative changes of general movements in preterm infants with brain lesions. Early Hum Dev 23, 193-231, 1990.
13. Milani Comparetti A, Gidoni EA: Semeiotica neurologica per la prognosi. Atti VIII Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Firenze, 1978, pp. 221-34.
14. Touwen BCL: Variability and stereotipy in normal and deviant development. In: Apley J (ed), Care of the Handicapped Child. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, London: S.I.M.P. with Heinemann Medical; Philadelphia, Lippincott, No. 67, pp. 99-110, 1978.
15. Touwen BCL: Variability and stereotipy of spontaneous motility as a predictor of neurological development of preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 32, 501, 1990.
16. Cioni G: Il bambino impara a muoversi. Pisa, Pacini Ed, 1991.
17. Mahler MS, Pine F, Bergman A: La nascita psicologica del bambino. Torino, Ed. Boringhieri, 1984.
18. Ferrari A e Cioni G (a cura di): Paralisi Cerebrali Infantili. Storia naturale ed orientamenti riabilitativi. Pisa, Edizioni Del Cerro, 1993.
19. Milani Comparetti A, Gidoni EA: Pattern analysis of motor development and its disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 9, 625-30, 1967.
20. Prechtl HFR, Ferrari F, Cioni G: Predictive value of general movements in asphyxiated fullterm infants. Early Hum Dev 35, 91- 120, 1993.
21. Prechtl HFR, Einspieler C, Cioni G, Bos A, Ferrari F, Sontheimer D: An early marker for neurological deficits after perinatal brain lesions. Lancet 349, 1361-3, 1997.
22. Cioni G, Ferrari F, Einspieler C, Paolicelli PB, Barbani MT, Prechtl HFR: Comparison between observation of spontaneous movements and neurological examination in preterm infants. J Pediatr 130, 704-11, 1997.
23. Cioni G e Ferrari F: Osservazione del neonato e prognosi neurologica. Medico e Bambino 16, 633-7, 1997.
24. Milani Comparetti A: La natura del difetto motorio nella paralisi cerebrale infantile. Infanzia Anormale 64, 1965.
2. Rapisardi G: L’esame neuroevolutivo neonatale. In: Bottos M e Rapisardi G (a cura di), Atti del Convegno “Diagnosi e Trattamento Precoce nella Paralisi Cerebrale Infantile. Come eravamo, come siamo: significato e limite negli anni ’90”. Ed. Fisioray, Firenze, pp. 48- 55, 1994.
3. Rapisardi G, Cioni ML, Mattei P, Scarano E, Donzelli GP: Early motor repertoire assessment and the diagnosis of cerebral palsy in NICU graduates. International Symposium on Qualitative Assessment of General Movements and Cerebral Palsy. Graz, 26-28 nov. 1998, pp. 10-11.
4. Milani Comparetti A: Semeiotica Neuroevolutiva. Prospettive in Pediatria 48, 305-14, 1982.
5. Brazelton TB e Nugent K: La scala di valutazione del comportamento del neonato. Edizione italiana della III edizione americana (1995), a cura di G. Rapisardi, Milano, Masson 1997.
6. Als H. Towards a synactive theory of development: promise for the assessment of infant individuality. Infant Ment Health J 3, 229- 43, 1982.
7. Als H, Lester BM, Tronick E, Brazelton TB: Manual for the assessment of preterm infants’ behaviour (APIB). In: Fitzgerald H, Lester BM, Yogman MW (eds), Theory and Research in Behavioural Pediatrics, vol. 1. New York, Plenum Press, pp. 65-132, 1982.
8. Hopkins B, Prechtl HFR: A qualitative approach to the development of movements during infancy. In: Prechtl HFR (ed), Continuity of neural functions from prenatal to postnatal life. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, vol. No. 94., London, Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Oxford, UK, pp 179-97, 1984.
9. Prechtl HFR: Qualitative changes of spontaneous movements in fetus and preterm infant are a marker of neurological dysfunction. Early Hum Dev 23, 151-8, 1990.
10. Prechtl HFR, Ferrari F, Cioni G: Predictive value of general movements in asphyxiated fullterm infants. Early Hum Dev 35, 91- 120, 1993.
11. Cioni G, Prechtl HFR: Preterm and early postterm motor behaviour in low-risk premature infants. Early Hum Dev 23, 159-91, 1990.
12. Ferrari F, Cioni G, Prechtl HFR: Qualitative changes of general movements in preterm infants with brain lesions. Early Hum Dev 23, 193-231, 1990.
13. Milani Comparetti A, Gidoni EA: Semeiotica neurologica per la prognosi. Atti VIII Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Firenze, 1978, pp. 221-34.
14. Touwen BCL: Variability and stereotipy in normal and deviant development. In: Apley J (ed), Care of the Handicapped Child. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, London: S.I.M.P. with Heinemann Medical; Philadelphia, Lippincott, No. 67, pp. 99-110, 1978.
15. Touwen BCL: Variability and stereotipy of spontaneous motility as a predictor of neurological development of preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 32, 501, 1990.
16. Cioni G: Il bambino impara a muoversi. Pisa, Pacini Ed, 1991.
17. Mahler MS, Pine F, Bergman A: La nascita psicologica del bambino. Torino, Ed. Boringhieri, 1984.
18. Ferrari A e Cioni G (a cura di): Paralisi Cerebrali Infantili. Storia naturale ed orientamenti riabilitativi. Pisa, Edizioni Del Cerro, 1993.
19. Milani Comparetti A, Gidoni EA: Pattern analysis of motor development and its disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 9, 625-30, 1967.
20. Prechtl HFR, Ferrari F, Cioni G: Predictive value of general movements in asphyxiated fullterm infants. Early Hum Dev 35, 91- 120, 1993.
21. Prechtl HFR, Einspieler C, Cioni G, Bos A, Ferrari F, Sontheimer D: An early marker for neurological deficits after perinatal brain lesions. Lancet 349, 1361-3, 1997.
22. Cioni G, Ferrari F, Einspieler C, Paolicelli PB, Barbani MT, Prechtl HFR: Comparison between observation of spontaneous movements and neurological examination in preterm infants. J Pediatr 130, 704-11, 1997.
23. Cioni G e Ferrari F: Osservazione del neonato e prognosi neurologica. Medico e Bambino 16, 633-7, 1997.
24. Milani Comparetti A: La natura del difetto motorio nella paralisi cerebrale infantile. Infanzia Anormale 64, 1965.