Campylobacter infection is one of the most frequent enteritis in developed countries and in most cases it features a self-limiting character. In some cases it shows severe clinical pictures and it requires antibiotic therapy. Cases of antibiotic resistance are emerging, especially against fluoroquinolone. The article presents a case of a 14-year-old boy with a febrile Campylobacter enteritis treated with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin with an immediate resolution of the symptoms. Ten days later, the boy still showed the same symptoms suggesting three hypotheses: 1) failure of Campylobacter’s eradication; 2) abdominal abscess; 3) beginning of inflammatory bowel disease associated with a concomitant and confusing Campylobacter jejuni infection. Coproculture still showed the presence of Campylobacter, and the treatment with azithromycin was effective in eradicating the infection. Past history and complete negativity of inflammatory index and faecal calprotectin allowed an inflammatory bowel disease to be excluded.