Rivista di formazione e aggiornamento professionale del pediatra e del medico di base, fondata nel 1982. In collaborazione con l'Associazione Culturale Pediatri.
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"Un cuore in fiamme". Un caso di sindrome di Kawasaki complicata da dilatazioni coronariche severe e necessitante di terapia con anakinra

“A heart on fire” A case of Kawasaki syndrome complicated by severe cononary dilatations that requires anakinra therapy

Giulia Maria Gerosa1, Marialetizia Fantasia1, Giulia Ramponi2, Adriana Cristina Balduzzi3
1Scuola di specializzazione in Pediatria, Università Milano – Bicocca
2SC Pediatria Generale, IRCCS Ospedale “San Gerardo dei Tintori”, 3Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS “San Gerardo dei Tintori”, Monza

Gennaio 2026 | DOI: 10.53126/MEBXXIXG005

Abstract
A 4-month-old infant residing in a foreign country, presented with high fever associated with poor general condition, bilateral conjunctivitis and livedo reticularis. Tests showed elevated inflammation markers with negative blood cultures, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound and lumbar puncture. After the failure of intravenous antibiotic therapy, systemic inflammatory disease was suspected. Therefore, the therapy with methylprednisolone (mPDN) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was initiated and led to rapid defervescence. Due to a relapse of fever upon discontinuation of steroid therapy, and after two negative echocardiograms, intravenous immunoglobulin infusion was performed after 13 days of fever. The family then decided to discharge themselves from the hospital and take their child to our hospital where several investigations were carried out, revealing an increase in inflammation markers with no apparent focus. Given the strongly suspicious presentation for incomplete Kawasaki syndrome, weekly echocardiographic monitoring was started, which, about a month after the onset of symptoms, showed coronary aneurysms, initially small size, then medium size. As a result, therapy with anakinra was initiated with excellent clinical and radiological response.
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Classificazione MeSH
Eye Diseases Conjunctival Diseases Conjunctivitis (12)
Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Diseases Myocardial Ischemia Coronary Disease Coronary Aneurysm (24)
Diagnosis Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures Diagnostic Imaging Cardiac Imaging Techniques Echocardiography (36)
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Proteins Blood Proteins Immunoproteins Immunoglobulins Antibodies
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Peptides Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Cytokines Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (9)
Polycyclic Compounds Fused-Ring Compounds Steroids Pregnanes Pregnadienes Pregnadienetriols
Cardiovascular Diseases Vascular Diseases Vasculitis Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (126)