Lewis DB, Wilson CB. Developmental immunology and role of host defenses in fetal and neonatal susceptibility to infection. In Remington JS, Klein JO, editors. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Company 2006:87-210. Gasparoni A, Ciardelli L, Avanzini A, et al. Age-related changes in intracellular TH1/TH2 cytokine production, immunoproliferative T lymphocyte response and natural killer cell activity in newborns, children and adults. Biol Neonate 2003;84:297-303. Chirico G. Development of the immune system in neonates. J Arab Neonatal Forum 2005;2:5-11. Chirico G, Marzollo R, Cortinovis S, Fonte C, Gasparoni A. Antiinfective properties of human milk. J Nutr 2008;138:1801S-1806S. Malcova L, Sumnik Z, Drevinek P, Venhacova J, Lebl J, Cinek O. Absence of breast-feeding is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in a population with rapidly increasing incidence. Eur J Pediatr 2006;165:114-9. Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF. Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:39-43. Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics 2008;121:183-91. Campbell Jr DA, Lorber MI, Sweeton JC, Turcotte JG, Niederhuber JE, Beer AE. Breast feeding and maternal-donor renal allografts. Possibly the original donor-specific transfusion. Transplantation 1984;37:340-4. Iorio R, Nociti V, Frisullo G, Patanella AK, Tonali PA, Batocchi AP. Breastfeeding and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009;66:1580. Davids MK. Breastfeeding and chronic disease in childhood and adolescence. Pediatric clinics of North America 2011;48:125-41. Verhasselt V. Neonatal tolerance under breastfeeding influence. Curr Opin Immunol 2010;22:623-30. Van Rood JJ, Claas F. Both self and non-inherited maternal HLA antigens influence the immune response. Immunol Today 2000;21:269-73. Strobel S. Neonatal oral tolerance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996;778:88-102. Verhasselt V, Milcent V, Cazareth J, et al. Breast milk-mediated transfer of an antigen induces tolerance and protection from allergic asthma. Nat Med 2008;14:170-5. Aoyama K, Koyama M, Matsuoka K, et al. Improved outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation due to breastfeeding-induced tolerance to maternal antigens. Blood 2009;113:1829-33. Lars A, Hanson L. Immunology of Human Milk: how breastfeeding protects babies. Pharmasoft Publishing, 2004. Labeta MO, Vidal K, Nores JE, et al. Innate recognition of bacteria in human milk is mediated by a milk- derived highly expressed pattern recognition receptor, soluble CD14. J Exp Med 2000;191:1807-12. LeBoude E, Rey-Nores JE, Rushmere NK, et al. Soluble forms of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 capable of modulating TLR2 signaling are present in human plasma and breast milk. J Immunol 2003;171:6680-9. Menard S, Cerf-Bensussan N, Heyman M. Multiple facets of intestinal permeability and epithelial handling of dietary antigens. Mucosal Immunol 2010;3:247-59. Dvorak B. Milk epidermal growth factor and gut protection. J Pediatr 2010;156:S31-S35. Beck PL, Rosenberg IM, Xavier RJ, Koh T, Wong JF, Podolsky DK. Transforming growth factor-beta mediates intestinal healing and susceptibility to injury in vitro and in vivo through epithelial cells. Am J Pathol 2003;162:597-608. Cario E. Barrier-protective function of intestinal epithelial Toll- like receptor 2. Mucosal Immunol 2008;1:S62-S66. Borch-Johnsen, K, Mandrup-Poulsen, T, Zachau-Christiansen B, et al. Relation between breast-feeding and incidence rates of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A hypothesis. The Lancet 1984;2(8411):1083-6. Pérez-Bravo F, Carrasco E, Gutierrez-Lòpez MD, Martìnez MT, Lòpez G, Garcìa de los Rios M. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors leading to the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chilean children. Journal of Molecular Medicine 1996;74:105-9. Gerstein HC. Cow’s milk exposure and type 1 diabetes mellitus. A critical overview of the clinical literature. Diabetes Care 1994;17:13-9. Kelly M, Jackson PhD, Nazar MA. Breastfeeding, the Immune Response, and Long-term Health. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2006;106:203-7. Ivarsson A, Hernell O, Stenlund H, Ake Persson L. Breast-feeding protects against celiac disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002;75:914-21. Cochrane S, Beyer K, Clausen M, et al. Factors influencing the incidence and prevalence of food allergy. Allergy 2009;64:1246-55. Dattner AM. Breastfeeding and atopic dermatitis: protective or harmful? Facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2010;28:34-7. Duncan JM, Sears MR. Breastfeeding and allergies: time for a change in paradigm? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;8:398-405. Giwercman C, Halkjaer LB, Jensen SM, et al. Increased risk of eczema but reduced risk of early wheezy disorder from exclusive breast-feeding in high-risk infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:866-71. Friedman NJ, Zeiger RS. The role of breast-feeding in the development of allergies and asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2005;115:1238-48. Mišak Z. Infant nutrition and allergy. Proc Nutr Soc 2011;70:465-71. Guilbert TW, Stern DA, Morgan WJ, Martinez FD, Wright AL. Effect of Breastfeeding on lung function in childhood and modulation by maternal asthma and atopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;176:843-8. Kull I, Almqvist C, Lilja G, Pershagen G, Wickman M. Breast-feeding reduces the risk of asthma during the first 4 years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114(4):755-60. Elliott L, Henderson J, Northstone K, Chiu GY, Dunson D, London SJ. Prospective study of breast-feeding in relation to wheeze, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:49-54.e3. Casas R, Bottcher MF, Duchen K, Bjorksten B. Detection of IgA antibodies to cat, beta-lactoglobulin, and ovalbumin allergens in human milk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:1236-40. Bottcher M, Malin F, Jenmalm M, Garofalo R, Bjorksten B. Cytokines in breast milk from allergic and nonallergic mothers. Pediatr Res 2000;47:157-62. Duchen K, Casas R, Fageras-bottcher M, Yu G, Bjorksten B. Human milk polyunsaturated longchain fatty acids and secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies and early childhood allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000;11:29-39. Hansen TS, Jess T, Vind I, et al. Environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study based on a Danish inception cohort. J Crohns Colitis 2011;5(6):577-84. Barclay AR, Russell RK, Wilson ML, Gilmou WHJ, Satsangi J, Wilson DC. Systematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatr 2009;155:421-6. Epub 2009 May 22. Beaudry M, Dufour R, Marcow SJ. Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first six months of life. J Pediatr 1995;126:191-7. Martin RM, Gunnell D, Owen CG, Smith GD. Breast-feeding and childhood cancer: a systematic review with metaanalysis. Int J Cancer 2005;117:1020-31. Riordan J. Breastfeeding and human lactation, Third edition. Jones and Barlett Publishers, 2005. Dündaröz R, Aydin HI, Ulucan H, Baltaci V, Denli M, Gökçay E. Preliminary study on DNA damage in non breast-fed infants. Pediatr Int 2002;44:127-30. Aits S, Gustafsson L, Hallgren O, et al. HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells. triggers autophagic tumor cell death. Int J Cancer 2009;124:1008-19.