The use ultrasound for diagnosing lung diseases is relatively recent: it was around the 1960s when the first observations of the utility of chest ultrasound in pulmonary diseases were made. This article examines the findings of lung ultrasound in newborns from the first minutes after birth, represented by artifacts such as horizontal lines (A-lines) and vertical lines (B-lines). The application of ultrasound in diagnosing specific neonatal pulmonary conditions - such as meconium aspiration syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and pneumothorax - can provide valuable information. According to evidences, lung ultrasound has been proven to be an effective method for diagnosing neonatal pulmonary conditions. Its reproducibility, portability and lack of ionizing radiation, along with sensitivity and specificity comparable to or exceeding traditional diagnostic methods, highlight its potential as a tool in neonatal care. The establishment of validated ultrasound scoring systems could further complement the Apgar score in routine neonatal assessments for determining pulmonary function at birth.