Problemi speciali
La carenza di iodio in etŕ evolutiva
Iodine deficiency in childhood and adolescence
R. Gastaldi, C. Panicucci, E. Poggi, G. Romanisio, M. Maghnie
Gennaio 2015 - pagg. 39 -43
Abstract
Iodine is a trace element essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3). The main source of supply is represented by food, but the content of
iodine in food is variable being milk, dairy, bread, eggs, fish and crustaceans the main
source of iodine. The daily requirement of iodine differs according to age, and the diet is
not always able to meet the daily requirement. Thus, it is important to integrate the diet with
iodized salt, salt supplemented with 30 mg/kg of iodine or with iodine supplements. Pregnancy
and developmental age are period of life at risk for an inadequate intake of iodine
and severe iodine deficiency or condition of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy
can lead to unrecognized congenital hypothyroidism with neurological consequences in
the newborn. The impact of mild to moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy is less
known, but recent international papers demonstrate the relationship between mild iodine
deficiency and cognitive delay in childhood and adolescence. In order to prevent the
neurological consequencess of mild-moderate iodine deficiency, the Italian Society of Pediatric
Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) promotes the “Project for Prevention of iodine
deficiency in Pediatrics” with the main objective of sensitizing the general population
and physicians about the importance of an adequate daily intake of iodine.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Contenuto riservato
Per leggere l'articolo completo è necessario effettuare il login.
Non sei ancora registrato? Registrati
Bibliografia
1. Pastorelli AA, Stacchini P, Olivieri A. Daily iodine
intake and the impact of salt reduction on
iodine prophylaxis in the Italian population. Eur
J Clin Nutr 2014 Oct 8 [Epub ahead of print].
2. Chen ZP, Hetzel BS. Cretinism revisited.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;
24(1):39-50.
3. Skeaff SA. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy:
the effect on neurodevelopment in the child.
Nutrients 2011;3:265-73.
4. Trumpff C, De Schepper J, Tafforeau J, Van
Oyen H, Vanderfaeillie J, Vandevijvere S. Mild
iodine deficiency in pregnancy in Europe and
its consequences for cognitive and psychomotor
development of children: a review. J
Trace Elem Med Biol 2013;27(3):174-83.
5. Hynes KL, Otahal P, Hay I, Burgess JR. Mild
iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated
with reduced educational outcomes in
the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational
iodine cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2013;98(5):1954-62.
6. Zhou SJ, Anderson AJ, Gibson RA,
Makrides M. Effect of iodine supplementation
in pregnancy on child development and other
clinical outcomes: a systematic review of randomized
controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr
2013;98:1241-54.
7. Taylor PN, Okosieme OE, Dayan CM,
Lazarus JH. Therapy of endocrine disease: Impact
of iodine supplementation in mild-to-moderate
iodine deficiency: systematic review and
meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2013;170:R1-
R15.
8. Bath SC, Steer CD, Golding J, Emmet P, Rayman
MP. Effect of inadequate status in UK
pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in
their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal
Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
Lancet 2013;382:331-7.
9. Chan SS, Hams G, Wiley V, Wilcken B,
McElduff A. Postpartum maternal iodine status
and the relationship to neonatal thyroid
function. Thyroid 2003;13(9):873-6.
10. Gordon JH, Leung AM, Hale AR, et al. No
difference in urinary iodine concentrations
between Boston-area breastfed and formulafed
infants. Thyroid 2014;24(8):1309-13.
11. Bouhouch RR, Bouhouch S, Cherkaoui M,
et al. Direct iodine supplementation of infants
versus supplementation of their breastfeeding
mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-
controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
2014;2:197-209.
12. Zimmermann MB, Crill CM. Iodine in enteral
and parenteral nutrition. Best Pract Res
Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;24:143-58.
13. http://www.ICCIDD.org.
14. Olivieri A, Vitti P (a cura di). Rapporto
ISTISAN 14/6. Attivitŕ di monitoraggio del
programma nazionale per la prevenzione dei
disordini da carenza iodica. ISSN:1123-3117,
2014.
15. Alonzo E, Fordella M, Montaldi ML, Olivieri
A, Pontieri V, Ugolini G. Progressi e nuovi
interventi di Promozione, Sorveglianza e
Monitoraggio della Iodoprofilassi In Italia. XII
Conferenza Nazionale di Sanitŕ Pubblica. Roma
12-15 ottobre 2011.
16. WHO. Guideline: fortification of foodgrade
salt with iodine for the prevention and
control of iodine deficiency disorders. Geneva:
World Health Organization, 2014.
Corrispondenza: MohamadMaghnie@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it