L'angolo dell'immunologo
Il diabete visto dall’intestino
ALBERTO TOMMASINI, ELENA NERI, PATRICIA PETAROS, ALESSANDRO LENHARDT, VALENTINA BALDAS, TANIA GERARDUZZI, ELISABETTA PANFILI, VALENTINA KIREN, TARCISIO NOT, EMANUELE BURATTI*, CARLA TORTUL**, GIULIANO TORRE, GIORGIO TONINI, ALESSANDRO VENTURA
Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste;
*Istituto di Medicina Clinica, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste;
**Servizio di Diabetologia, Ospedale Civile di Monfalcone
Aprile 2000 - pagg. 253 -258
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
1. Maclaren N, Lan M, Coutant R, Schatz D,
Silverstein J, et al. Only multiple autoantibodies
to islet cells (ICA), insulin, GAD65, IA-2
and IA-2beta predict immune-mediated (Type
1) diabetes in relatives. J Autoimmun
1999;12:279-87.
2. Yamamoto AM, Deschamps I, Garchon HJ, Roussely H, Moreau N, et al. Young age and HLA markers enhance the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes in antibody-positive siblings of diabetic children. J Autoimmun 1998;11:643-50.
3. Reijonen H, Vahasalo P, Karjalainen J, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, et al. HLA-DQB1 genotypes and islet cell antibodies in the identification of siblings at risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) in Finland. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. J Autoimmun 1994;7:675-86.
4. Krischer JP, Schatz D, Riley WJ, Spillar RP, Silverstein JH, et al. Insulin and islet cell autoantibodies as time-dependent covariates in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes: a prospective study in relatives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:743-9.
5. Barnett AH, Eff C, Leslie RDG, Pyke DA. Diabetes in identical twins. A study of 200 pairs. Diabetologia 1981;20:87-93.
6. Kaprio J, Tuomilehto J, Koskenvuo M, et al. Concordance of Typer 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of twins in Finland. Diabetologia 1992;35:1060-1067.
7. Bingley PJ, Gale EAM. Risning incidence of IDDM in Europe. Diabetes Care 1989;12:289-295.
8. Secular trends in the incidence of childhood IDDM in 10 countries. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group. Diabetes 1990;39:858-64.
9. Patterson CC, et al. EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet 2000;355:873-876.
10. Knip M, Akerblom HK. Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107:S93-S100.
11. Scott FW, Elliott RB, Kolb H. Diet and autoimmunity: prospects of prevention of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab 1989;2:61-73
12. Cavallo MG, Fava SD, Monetini L, et al. Cell mediated immune response to beta casein in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes: implication for diasease pathogenesis. Lancet 1996;348:926-928.
13. Saukkonen T, Virtanen SM, Karppinen M, et al. Significance of cow’s milk protein antibodies as risk factor for childhood IDDM: interactions with dietary cow’s milk intake and HLA-DQB1 genotype. Diabetologia 1998;41:72-78.
14. Saukkonen T, Savilahti E, Varaala O, et al. Children with newly diagnosed IDDM have increased livels of antibodies to bovine serum albumine but not to ovalbumin. Diabete Care 1994;17:970-976.
15. Scott FW. Cow milk and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: is there a relationship? Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:489-491.
16. Dahl-Jorgensen K, Joner G, Hanssen KF. Relationship between cow’s milk consumption and incidence of IDDM in childhood. Diabetes Care 1991;14:1081-1083.
17. Borch-Jonsen K, Joner G, Mandrup-Poulsen T, et al. Relation between breast-feeding and incidence rates of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A hypothesis. Lancet 1984;2:1083-1086.
18. Virtanen SM, Räsänen L, Aro A, et al. The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Early introduction of dairy products associated with increased risk for insulin-dependent diabets mellitus in Finnish children. Diabetes 1993;42:1786-1790.
19. Elliot RB, Martin JM,. Dietary protein:a trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes in the BB rat? Diabetologia 1984;26:297-299
20. Elliot RB, Reddy SN, Bibby NJ, Kida K. Dietary prevention of diabetes in the nonobese diabetc mouse. Diabetologia 1998; 31:62-64.
21. Paxson JA, Weber JG, Kulczycki A Jr. Cow’s milk free diet does not prevent diabetes in NOD mices. Diabetes 1997;46:1711- 1717.
22. Malkani S, Nompleggi D, Hansen JW, et al. Dietary cow’s milk does not alter the frequency of diabetes in the BB rat. Diabetes 1997;46:1133-1140.
23. Catassi C, Guerrieri A, Bartolotta E, et al. Antigliadin antibodies at onset of diabetes in children. Lancet 1987;2:158.
24. Klemetti P, Savilahti E, Ilonen J, et al. T cell reactivity to wheat gluten in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Scand J Immunol 1998;47:48-53.
25. Vaarala O, Klemetti P, Savilathi E, et al. Cellualar immune response to cow’s milk blactoclobulin in patients with newly diagnosed IDDM. Diabetes 1996;45;178-182.
26. Paronen J, Klemetti P, Kantele JM, et al. Glutamate decarboxylase-reactive peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with IDDM express gut-specific homing receptor a4b7- integrin. Diabetes 1997;46:583-8.
27. Carratù R, Secondulfo M, de Magistris L, et al. Altered intestinal permeability to mannitol in diabetes mellitus type 1. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:264-269.
28. Asplin CM, Cooney MK, Crossley JR, et al. Coxachie B4 infection and islet cell antibodies three years before overt diabetes. J Pediatr 1982;101:398-400.
29. Hiltunen M, Hyöty H, Knip M, et al. Islet celle antibody seroconversion in children is temporally associated with enterovirus infections. J Infect Dis 1997;175 :554-60.
30. Hiltunen M, Hyöty H, Karjalainen J, et al. Serological evaluation of the role of cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of IDDM : a prospective study. Diabetologia 1995;38:705- 10.
31. Kaufman DL, Erlander MG, Clare-Saltzer M, et al. Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1992;89:283-92
32. Scott FW, Gloutier EH, Kleemann R, et al. Potential mechanisms by which certain foods promote or inhibit the development of spontaneous diabetes in BB rats: dosage, timing, early effect on islet area, and swich in infiltrate from Th1 to Th2 cells. Diabetes 1997;46:589-598.
33. Carratù R, Secondulfo M, de Magistris L, Iafusco D, Urio A, et al. Altered intestinal permeability to mannitol in diabetes mellitus type I. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:264-9
34. Hoorfar J, Buschard K, Dagnes-Hansen F. Prophylactic nutritional modification of the incidence of diabetes in autoimmune non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Br J Nutr 1993;69:597-607.
35. Funda DP, Kaas A, Bock T, et al. Glutenfree diet prevents diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999;15:323-327.
36. Matsuzaki T, Nagata Y, Kado S, et al. Prevention of onset in an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus model, NOD mice, by oral feeding of Lactobacilluss casei. APMIS 1997;105:643-649.
37. Ma SW, Zhao D, Yin ZQ, et al. Transgenic plants expressing autoantigens feed to mice to induce oral immune tolerance. Nat Med 1997;3:793-796.
38. Hänninen A, Salmi M, Simmel O, Jalkanen S. Mucosa associated (beta 7 integrin high) lymphocytes accumulated early in the pancreas of NOD mice and show aberrant recirculation behavior. Diabetes 1993;45:1173- 1180.
39. Mackay CR, Andrew DP, Briskin M, et al. Phenothpe and migration proprieties of three major subsets of tissue-homing T cells in sheeps. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:1892-1898.
40. Hänninen A, Jaakkola I, Jalkanen S. High prevalence of diabetogenic lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue of young NOD mice. Scand J Immunol 1996;43:35.
41. Rott LS, Rosé JR, Bass D, et al. Expression of mucosal homing receptor alfa 4 beta 7 by circulating CD4 positive cells with memory for intestinal Rotavirus. J Clin Inv 1997;100:1204-1208.
42. Savilahti E, Ormääla T, Saukkonen T, et al. Jejumna of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus show signs of immune activation. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;116:70-77.
43. Troncone R, Greco L, Mayer M, Mazzarella G, Maiuri L, Congia M, Frau F, De Virgiliis S, Auricchio S In siblings of celiac children, rectal gluten challenge reveals gluten sensitization not restricted to celiac HLA. Gastroenterology 1996;111:318-24.
44. Tarn AC, Thomas JM, Dean BM, Ingram D, et al. Predicting insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 1988; 1:845-50.
45. McLaren N, Lan M, Coutant R, et al. Only multiple autoantibodies to islet cells (ICA), insulin, GAD65, IA-2 and IA-2beta predict immune- mediated (Type 1) diabetes in relatives. J Autoimmun 1999 ;12 :279-287.
46. Yamamoto AM, Deschamps I, Garchon HJ, et al. J Autoimmun 1998 Dec;11(6):643- 50.
47. Knip M. Prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1998;425: 54-62 48.Kulmala P, Savola K, Petersen JS, et al. Prediction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in siblings of children with diabetes. J Clin Invest 1998;101:327-336.
49. Yang XD, Michie SA, Tisch R, et al. A predominant role of integrin alfa 4 in the spontaneousdevelopment of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:12 604-12 608.
50. Todd JA, Bell JI, Mc Devitt HO. HLA-DQ beta gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Nature 1987;329:599-604
51. Khalil I, D’Auriol L, Gobet M, et al. A combination of HLA-DQ beta Asp 57 negative and HLA-DQ alfa Arg 52 confers susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1990;85:1315-1319.
2. Yamamoto AM, Deschamps I, Garchon HJ, Roussely H, Moreau N, et al. Young age and HLA markers enhance the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes in antibody-positive siblings of diabetic children. J Autoimmun 1998;11:643-50.
3. Reijonen H, Vahasalo P, Karjalainen J, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, et al. HLA-DQB1 genotypes and islet cell antibodies in the identification of siblings at risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) in Finland. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. J Autoimmun 1994;7:675-86.
4. Krischer JP, Schatz D, Riley WJ, Spillar RP, Silverstein JH, et al. Insulin and islet cell autoantibodies as time-dependent covariates in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes: a prospective study in relatives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:743-9.
5. Barnett AH, Eff C, Leslie RDG, Pyke DA. Diabetes in identical twins. A study of 200 pairs. Diabetologia 1981;20:87-93.
6. Kaprio J, Tuomilehto J, Koskenvuo M, et al. Concordance of Typer 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of twins in Finland. Diabetologia 1992;35:1060-1067.
7. Bingley PJ, Gale EAM. Risning incidence of IDDM in Europe. Diabetes Care 1989;12:289-295.
8. Secular trends in the incidence of childhood IDDM in 10 countries. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group. Diabetes 1990;39:858-64.
9. Patterson CC, et al. EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet 2000;355:873-876.
10. Knip M, Akerblom HK. Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107:S93-S100.
11. Scott FW, Elliott RB, Kolb H. Diet and autoimmunity: prospects of prevention of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab 1989;2:61-73
12. Cavallo MG, Fava SD, Monetini L, et al. Cell mediated immune response to beta casein in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes: implication for diasease pathogenesis. Lancet 1996;348:926-928.
13. Saukkonen T, Virtanen SM, Karppinen M, et al. Significance of cow’s milk protein antibodies as risk factor for childhood IDDM: interactions with dietary cow’s milk intake and HLA-DQB1 genotype. Diabetologia 1998;41:72-78.
14. Saukkonen T, Savilahti E, Varaala O, et al. Children with newly diagnosed IDDM have increased livels of antibodies to bovine serum albumine but not to ovalbumin. Diabete Care 1994;17:970-976.
15. Scott FW. Cow milk and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: is there a relationship? Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:489-491.
16. Dahl-Jorgensen K, Joner G, Hanssen KF. Relationship between cow’s milk consumption and incidence of IDDM in childhood. Diabetes Care 1991;14:1081-1083.
17. Borch-Jonsen K, Joner G, Mandrup-Poulsen T, et al. Relation between breast-feeding and incidence rates of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A hypothesis. Lancet 1984;2:1083-1086.
18. Virtanen SM, Räsänen L, Aro A, et al. The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Early introduction of dairy products associated with increased risk for insulin-dependent diabets mellitus in Finnish children. Diabetes 1993;42:1786-1790.
19. Elliot RB, Martin JM,. Dietary protein:a trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes in the BB rat? Diabetologia 1984;26:297-299
20. Elliot RB, Reddy SN, Bibby NJ, Kida K. Dietary prevention of diabetes in the nonobese diabetc mouse. Diabetologia 1998; 31:62-64.
21. Paxson JA, Weber JG, Kulczycki A Jr. Cow’s milk free diet does not prevent diabetes in NOD mices. Diabetes 1997;46:1711- 1717.
22. Malkani S, Nompleggi D, Hansen JW, et al. Dietary cow’s milk does not alter the frequency of diabetes in the BB rat. Diabetes 1997;46:1133-1140.
23. Catassi C, Guerrieri A, Bartolotta E, et al. Antigliadin antibodies at onset of diabetes in children. Lancet 1987;2:158.
24. Klemetti P, Savilahti E, Ilonen J, et al. T cell reactivity to wheat gluten in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Scand J Immunol 1998;47:48-53.
25. Vaarala O, Klemetti P, Savilathi E, et al. Cellualar immune response to cow’s milk blactoclobulin in patients with newly diagnosed IDDM. Diabetes 1996;45;178-182.
26. Paronen J, Klemetti P, Kantele JM, et al. Glutamate decarboxylase-reactive peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with IDDM express gut-specific homing receptor a4b7- integrin. Diabetes 1997;46:583-8.
27. Carratù R, Secondulfo M, de Magistris L, et al. Altered intestinal permeability to mannitol in diabetes mellitus type 1. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:264-269.
28. Asplin CM, Cooney MK, Crossley JR, et al. Coxachie B4 infection and islet cell antibodies three years before overt diabetes. J Pediatr 1982;101:398-400.
29. Hiltunen M, Hyöty H, Knip M, et al. Islet celle antibody seroconversion in children is temporally associated with enterovirus infections. J Infect Dis 1997;175 :554-60.
30. Hiltunen M, Hyöty H, Karjalainen J, et al. Serological evaluation of the role of cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of IDDM : a prospective study. Diabetologia 1995;38:705- 10.
31. Kaufman DL, Erlander MG, Clare-Saltzer M, et al. Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1992;89:283-92
32. Scott FW, Gloutier EH, Kleemann R, et al. Potential mechanisms by which certain foods promote or inhibit the development of spontaneous diabetes in BB rats: dosage, timing, early effect on islet area, and swich in infiltrate from Th1 to Th2 cells. Diabetes 1997;46:589-598.
33. Carratù R, Secondulfo M, de Magistris L, Iafusco D, Urio A, et al. Altered intestinal permeability to mannitol in diabetes mellitus type I. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:264-9
34. Hoorfar J, Buschard K, Dagnes-Hansen F. Prophylactic nutritional modification of the incidence of diabetes in autoimmune non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Br J Nutr 1993;69:597-607.
35. Funda DP, Kaas A, Bock T, et al. Glutenfree diet prevents diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999;15:323-327.
36. Matsuzaki T, Nagata Y, Kado S, et al. Prevention of onset in an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus model, NOD mice, by oral feeding of Lactobacilluss casei. APMIS 1997;105:643-649.
37. Ma SW, Zhao D, Yin ZQ, et al. Transgenic plants expressing autoantigens feed to mice to induce oral immune tolerance. Nat Med 1997;3:793-796.
38. Hänninen A, Salmi M, Simmel O, Jalkanen S. Mucosa associated (beta 7 integrin high) lymphocytes accumulated early in the pancreas of NOD mice and show aberrant recirculation behavior. Diabetes 1993;45:1173- 1180.
39. Mackay CR, Andrew DP, Briskin M, et al. Phenothpe and migration proprieties of three major subsets of tissue-homing T cells in sheeps. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:1892-1898.
40. Hänninen A, Jaakkola I, Jalkanen S. High prevalence of diabetogenic lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue of young NOD mice. Scand J Immunol 1996;43:35.
41. Rott LS, Rosé JR, Bass D, et al. Expression of mucosal homing receptor alfa 4 beta 7 by circulating CD4 positive cells with memory for intestinal Rotavirus. J Clin Inv 1997;100:1204-1208.
42. Savilahti E, Ormääla T, Saukkonen T, et al. Jejumna of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus show signs of immune activation. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;116:70-77.
43. Troncone R, Greco L, Mayer M, Mazzarella G, Maiuri L, Congia M, Frau F, De Virgiliis S, Auricchio S In siblings of celiac children, rectal gluten challenge reveals gluten sensitization not restricted to celiac HLA. Gastroenterology 1996;111:318-24.
44. Tarn AC, Thomas JM, Dean BM, Ingram D, et al. Predicting insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 1988; 1:845-50.
45. McLaren N, Lan M, Coutant R, et al. Only multiple autoantibodies to islet cells (ICA), insulin, GAD65, IA-2 and IA-2beta predict immune- mediated (Type 1) diabetes in relatives. J Autoimmun 1999 ;12 :279-287.
46. Yamamoto AM, Deschamps I, Garchon HJ, et al. J Autoimmun 1998 Dec;11(6):643- 50.
47. Knip M. Prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1998;425: 54-62 48.Kulmala P, Savola K, Petersen JS, et al. Prediction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in siblings of children with diabetes. J Clin Invest 1998;101:327-336.
49. Yang XD, Michie SA, Tisch R, et al. A predominant role of integrin alfa 4 in the spontaneousdevelopment of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:12 604-12 608.
50. Todd JA, Bell JI, Mc Devitt HO. HLA-DQ beta gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Nature 1987;329:599-604
51. Khalil I, D’Auriol L, Gobet M, et al. A combination of HLA-DQ beta Asp 57 negative and HLA-DQ alfa Arg 52 confers susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1990;85:1315-1319.