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La nuova diagnostica delle anemie microcitiche
New insights on microcytic anaemia diagnosis
Achille Iolascon, Antonella Gambale, Cristina Tortora, Mariasole Bruno, Luigia De Falco
Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Napoli; CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli
Novembre 2013 - pagg. 563 -569
Abstract
Microcytic anaemia is the most common form of anaemia, characterized by reduced
MCV, often associated with hypochromia of red blood cells. Among the causes of microcytic
anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia is the most common. The latest scientific discoveries
have enabled to understand many of the rare forms of microcytic anaemia: in
fact, the defect of some proteins involved in iron metabolism was found. Diagnosis of
microcytic anaemia appears to be important in the child/adolescent, especially to set,
where possible, a treatment plan on the basis of the etiology and pathogenesis. This diagnosis
is simple and not expensive. In the differential diagnosis of microcytic anaemias
the following has to be suspected in the first instance: 1) iron deficiency anaemia from
malnutrition; 2) iron deficiency anaemia from inadequate iron absorption; 3) thalassaemia
heterozygotes; 4) anaemia of chronic disease; 5) related deficits. The assessment
of response to oral/parenteral treatment with iron is useful for the differential diagnosis.
After excluding the most common causes, rare causes of anaemia, mostly hereditary,
must be considered (namely anaemia with ectopic production of hepcidin, sideroblastic
anaemias, porphyrias and anaemias from deficiency of genes of iron metabolism).
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Classificazione MeSH
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Corrispondenza: achille.iolascon@gmail.com