Problemi speciali
La carenza di iodio in etŕ evolutiva
Iodine deficiency in childhood and adolescence
Roberto Gastaldi1, Chiara Panicucci2, Elena Poggi2, Giulia Romanisio2, Mohamad Maghnie2
1Endocrinologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”, Genova
2Endocrinologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Istituto “Giannina Gaslini, Universitŕ di Genova
Gennaio 2015 - pagg. 39 -43
Abstract
Iodine is a trace element essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3). The main source of supply is represented by food, but the content of
iodine in food is variable being milk, dairy, bread, eggs, fish and crustaceans the main
source of iodine. The daily requirement of iodine differs according to age, and the diet is
not always able to meet the daily requirement. Thus, it is important to integrate the diet with
iodized salt, salt supplemented with 30 mg/kg of iodine or with iodine supplements. Pregnancy
and developmental age are period of life at risk for an inadequate intake of iodine
and severe iodine deficiency or condition of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy
can lead to unrecognized congenital hypothyroidism with neurological consequences in
the newborn. The impact of mild to moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy is less
known, but recent international papers demonstrate the relationship between mild iodine
deficiency and cognitive delay in childhood and adolescence. In order to prevent the
neurological consequencess of mild-moderate iodine deficiency, the Italian Society of Pediatric
Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) promotes the “Project for Prevention of iodine
deficiency in Pediatrics” with the main objective of sensitizing the general population
and physicians about the importance of an adequate daily intake of iodine.
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Classificazione MeSH
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Corrispondenza: MohamadMaghnie@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it