Aggiornamento monografico
Vaccinazione anti-epatite B: tutto bene?
HEPATITIS B IMMUNIZATION TODAY
GIUSEPPE MAGGIORE
Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica dell’Università, Spedali di S. Chiara, Pisa
Giugno 1997 - pagg. 360 -364
Abstract
More than a million deaths occur annually
from Hepatitis B (HB) associated cirrhosis
and primary liver cancer. Most HB virus infections
occur during childhood and HB
vaccine is 80% to 95% effective in preventing
the carrier state. Vaccination eliminates
horizontal transmission in immunized
cohorts. Because of the failure of the “highrisk-
group” strategy in most industrialized
country universal immunization is now recommended.
Immunization to HB virus is
considered to have occurred if concentration
of anti-HB surface antibody greater
than 10 mIU/ml develop. No significant
difference in immune response exist
between term and preterm infants. Response
to HB vaccine is not highly dependent on
timing of vaccine doses; modest alterations
in timing of doses do not affect the response
to the vaccine. Follow-up data suggest
that most responders can be given a booster
dose 10 years after completing the
vaccination course without further assessment
of their antibody status. Non response
to vaccination is associated with age. In
these situations repeated doses can be effective
in immunization. HB vaccination is
considered to be safe particularly in infants
where no unexpected serious side effects
have been reported.
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
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11. Rasenack JW, Schlayer HJ, Hettler F, Peters T, Preisler-Adams S, Gerok W: Hepatitis B virus infection without immunological markers after open-heart surgery. Lancet 345, 355-7, 1995.
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16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero Lugo D, Perez M: Effect of timing of hepatitis B vaccine doses on response to vaccine in Yupca Indians. Vaccine 7, 106-10, 1989.
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18. Wainwright, McMahon BJ, Bulkow LR, Hall DB, Fitzgerald MA, Harpster AP, Hadler SC, Lanier AP, Heyward WL: Duration of immunogenicity and efficacy of Hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population. JAMA 261, 2362-6, 1989.
19. Whittle HC, Inskip H, Hall A, Mendy M, Downes R, Hoare S: Vaccination against hepatitis B and protection against chronic viral carriage in The Gambia. Lancet 337, 747-50, 1991.
20. Whittle HC, Maine N, Pilkington J, Mendy M, Fortuin M, Bunn J, Allison L, Howard C, Hall A: Long term efficacy of continuing hepatitis B vaccination in infancy in two gambian villages. Lancet 345, 1089-92, 1995.
21. Tilzey AJ: Hepatitis B vaccine boosting: the debate continues. Lancet 345, 1000, 1995.
22. Fujisawa T, Onoue M, Inui A, Kosugi T: Serial changes in titers of antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen after immunization of infants born to mothers with Hepatitis B e antigen. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 23, 270- 4, 1996.
23. Belloni C: Il recupero dei non responsivi alla vaccinazione anti-epatite B. Atti del II Corso di aggiornamento sulle vaccinazioni. Pavia. 43-9, 1996.
24. Niu MT, Davis DM, Ellemberg S: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccination of neonates and infants: emerging safety data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15, 771-6, 1996.
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26. Mathieu E, Fain O, Krivitzky A: Cryoglobulinemia after hepatitis B vaccination. N Engl J Med 335, 355, 1996.
27. Poullin P, Gabriel B: Thrombocytopenia after recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 344, 1293, 1994.
28. Lilic D, Ghosh SK: Liver dysfunction and DNA antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination. Lancet 344, 1292-3, 1994.
2. American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Infectious Diseases: Universal hepatitis B immunization. Pediatrics 89, 795-800, 1992.
3. Hollinger FB: Comprehensive control (or elimination) of hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States. Gut 38 (Suppl 2), 24-30, 1996.
4. Mele A, Stroffolini T, Pasquini P: SAIEVA report 1985-1994. Rapporti Istisan 3, 1996.
5. Mele A, Stroffolini T, Catapano R, Palumbo F, Moiraghi A, Novaco F: Incidence of trasfusion associated B and non-A, non-B hepatitis in Italy. BMJ 311, 846-7, 1995.
6. Mele A, Stroffolini T, Ricci Bitti P, Sagliocca L, Adamo B, Simonetti A: Il controllo dell’epatite B in Italia. Vaccinazione 2000 46, 6-7, 1997.
7. Gilson RJC: Hepatitis B and admission to medical school. BMJ 313, 830-1, 1996.
8. Dyer C: Surgeon jailed for infecting patients. BMJ 309, 896, 1994.
9. Maggiore G, Massimetti M, Massei F: Sorprese in Epatologia. Medico e Bambino 15, 44-7, 1996.
10. Schreiberg GB, Busch MP, Kleinman SH, Korelitz JJ: The risk of trasfusion-trasmitted viral infection. N Engl J Med 334, 1685-90, 1996.
11. Rasenack JW, Schlayer HJ, Hettler F, Peters T, Preisler-Adams S, Gerok W: Hepatitis B virus infection without immunological markers after open-heart surgery. Lancet 345, 355-7, 1995.
12. Carman WF, Zanetti AR, Karayiannis P, Waters J, Manzillo G, Tanzi E, Zuckermann AJ, Thomas HC: Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus. Lancet 336, 325-9, 1990.
13. Belson A, Reif S, Peled Y, Bujanover Y: Immune response to Hepatitis B virus vaccine in 1-yer-old preterm and term infants. J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr 23, 252-5, 1996.
14. Goldfarb J, Vanderburg Medendorp S, Garcia H, Nagamori K, Rathfon H, Krause D: Comparaison study of the immunogenicity and safety of 5 and 10 μg dosages of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthy infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15, 764-7, 1996.
15. Lai CL, Wong BCY, Yeoh EK, Lim WL, Chang WK, Lin HJ: Five-year follow-up of a prospective randomized trial of Hepatitis B recombinant DNA yeast vaccine vs plasmaderived vaccine in children: immunogenicity and anamnestic response. Hepatology 18, 763- 7, 1993.
16. Hadler SC, Alcala de Monzon M, Rivero Lugo D, Perez M: Effect of timing of hepatitis B vaccine doses on response to vaccine in Yupca Indians. Vaccine 7, 106-10, 1989.
17. Mangione R, Stroffolini T, Tosti ME, Frangipani D, Mele A: Delayed third hepatitis B vaccine dose and immune response. Lancet 345, 1111-2, 1995.
18. Wainwright, McMahon BJ, Bulkow LR, Hall DB, Fitzgerald MA, Harpster AP, Hadler SC, Lanier AP, Heyward WL: Duration of immunogenicity and efficacy of Hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population. JAMA 261, 2362-6, 1989.
19. Whittle HC, Inskip H, Hall A, Mendy M, Downes R, Hoare S: Vaccination against hepatitis B and protection against chronic viral carriage in The Gambia. Lancet 337, 747-50, 1991.
20. Whittle HC, Maine N, Pilkington J, Mendy M, Fortuin M, Bunn J, Allison L, Howard C, Hall A: Long term efficacy of continuing hepatitis B vaccination in infancy in two gambian villages. Lancet 345, 1089-92, 1995.
21. Tilzey AJ: Hepatitis B vaccine boosting: the debate continues. Lancet 345, 1000, 1995.
22. Fujisawa T, Onoue M, Inui A, Kosugi T: Serial changes in titers of antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen after immunization of infants born to mothers with Hepatitis B e antigen. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 23, 270- 4, 1996.
23. Belloni C: Il recupero dei non responsivi alla vaccinazione anti-epatite B. Atti del II Corso di aggiornamento sulle vaccinazioni. Pavia. 43-9, 1996.
24. Niu MT, Davis DM, Ellemberg S: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccination of neonates and infants: emerging safety data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15, 771-6, 1996.
25. Brezin A, Lautier-Frau M, Hamedani M, Rogeaux O, Le Hoang P: Visual loss and eosinophilia after recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 342, 563-4, 1993.
26. Mathieu E, Fain O, Krivitzky A: Cryoglobulinemia after hepatitis B vaccination. N Engl J Med 335, 355, 1996.
27. Poullin P, Gabriel B: Thrombocytopenia after recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 344, 1293, 1994.
28. Lilic D, Ghosh SK: Liver dysfunction and DNA antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination. Lancet 344, 1292-3, 1994.