Articolo speciale
Il “sapore” dei microbi
The bitter taste of gram-negative infections
Elena Cantone1, Luigi Greco2, Gabriella Morini3, Rossella Negri2
1UOC di Otorinolaringoiatria, DAI Testa-Collo, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Federico II, Napoli
2Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università Federico II, Napoli; European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases
3Università di Scienze Gastronomiche, Pollenzo, Bra (CN)
Settembre 2014 - pagg. 439 -444
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of reports about the presence of taste receptors in extra
oral tissues have suggested that these molecules should play additional roles apart from
taste perception. It is evident that molecules that act as tastants in the oral cavity may
serve as agonists for the same receptors also in non-gustatory tissues. Nutrient sensing
within the GI tract might exert important regulatory roles in digestive and metabolic processes
with relevant implications in functional GI disorders. Over the past two years it
has become increasingly clear that the bitter taste receptor family T2R, expressed in ciliated
epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, is able to detect bacterial products and to
stimulate innate defences against pathogens. Recent clinical studies have suggested that
genetic variations in a particular T2R isoform (TAS2R38), acting as ligand for quorum
sensing molecules secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, are associated to susceptibility
to severe upper respiratory infections.
Classificazione MeSH
Contenuto riservato
Per leggere l'articolo completo è necessario effettuare il login.
Non sei ancora registrato? Registrati
Bibliografia
1. Morini G, Greco L. Lo sviluppo del gusto nel
bambino. Medico e Bambino 2010;29(7): 509-13.
2. Di Salle F, Cantone E, Savarese MF, et al. Effect
of Carbonation on Brain Processing of
Sweet Stimuli in Humans. Gastroenterology
2013;145(3):537-9.
3. Bachmanov A, Beauchamp G. Taste receptor
genes. Annu Rev Nutr 2007;27:389-414.
4. Negri R, Morini G, Greco L. From the tongue
to the gut. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;53:
601-5.
5. Behrens M, Meyerhof W. Gustatory and extragustatory
functions of mammalian taste receptors.
Physiol Behav 2011;105:4-13.
6. Gerspach AC, Steinert RE, Schonenberger L,
Graber-Maier A, Beglinger C. The role of the
gut sweet taste receptor in regulating GLP-1,
PYY and CKK release in humans. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab 2011;301(2):E317-25.
7. Rozengurt E, Sternini C. Taste receptor signaling
in the mammalian gut. Curr Opin Pharmacol
2007;7(6):557-62.
8. Tizzano M, Gulbransen BD, Vandenbeuch A,
et al. Nasal chemosensory cells use bitter taste
signaling to detect irritants and bacterial signals.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107: 3210-5.
9. Finger TE, Böttger B, Hansen A, Anderson
KT, Alimohammadi H, Silver WL. Solitary chemoreceptor
cells in the nasal cavity serve as
sentinels of respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
2003;100(15):8981-6.
10. Sbarbati A, Tizzano M, Merigo F, et al. Acyl
homoserine lactones induce early response in
the airway. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009;292(3):
439-48.
11. Shah AS, Ben-Shahar Y, Moninger TO, Kline
JN, Welsh MJ. Motile cilia of human airway
epithelia are chemosensory. Science 2009;325:
1131-4.
12. Lee RJ, Xiong G, Kofonow JM, et al. T2R38
taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility
to upper respiratory infection. J Clin Invest
2012;122:4145-59.
13. Zhang CH, Lifshitz LM, Uy KF, Ikebe M, Fogarty
KE, ZhuGe R. The cellular and molecular
basis of bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation.
PLoS Biol 2013;11(3):e1001501.
14. Hamilos DL. Host-microbial interactions in
patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy
Clin Immunol 2013;131(4):1263-4.
15. Kim UK, Jorgenson E, Coon H, Leppert M,
Risch N, Drayna D. Positional cloning of the human
quantitative trait locus underlying taste
sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide. Science
2003;299:1221-5.
16. Bufe B, Breslin PA, Kuhn C, et al. The molecular
basis of individual differences in phenylthiocarbamide
and propylthiouracil bitterness
perception. Curr Biol 2005;15:322-7.
17. Lee RJ, Cohen NA. The emerging role of the
bitter taste receptor T2R38 in upper respiratory
infection and chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol
Allergy 2013;27(4):283-6.
18. Prince A. The bitter taste of infection. J Clin
Invest 2012;122(11):3847-9.
19. Adappa ND, Howland TJ, Palmer JN, et al.
Genetics of the taste receptor T2R38 correlates
with chronic rhinosinusitis necessitating surgical
intervention. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013;
3(3):184-7.
Corrispondenza: rosnegri@unina.it