Aggiornamento monografico
La carenza di ferro Parte I: Epidemiologia e fisiopatologia
IRON DEFICIENCY. PART 1: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
CALOGERO VULLO
Divisione Pediatrica, Arcispedale “S. Anna”, Ferrara
Maggio 1998 - pagg. 293 -298
Abstract
A comprehensive review of iron deficiency
is presented. Current knowledge on physiology
of iron metabolism is reviewed and on
this basis the particular features of iron
control in the neonatal period and of iron
absorption are described. Pathophysiology
and causes of iron deficiency are illustrated
as well as tools for clinical evaluation of
erythron function in men, such as serum
ferritin and serum receptor for transferrin.
Epidemiological features of iron deficiency
in Italy are also briefly discussed: the prevalence
of iron deficiency decreased over
the past decades by more than 50%: recent
data show 1,3% prevalence of iron deficiency
anemia and 10,3% of iron depletion
in infants and young children. In adolescents,
especially in females, the prevalence
is higher due to the specific features of iron
metabolism during accelerated growth and
puberty.
Parole chiave
Suggerite dall'AI
Classificazione MeSH
Bibliografia
CA: Iron Metabolism in Man. Blackwel Scientific,
Oxford.
2. Green R, Chalton R, Seftel H, et al: Body iron excretion in man. A collaborative study. Am J Med 45, 336-353, 1968.
3. Pisacane A, De Vizia B, Valiante A, et al: Iron status in breast-fed infants. J Pediatr 127, 429-31, 1995.
4. Bjorn-Rasmussen E, Hallberg L, Isaksson B, et al: Food iron absorption in man. Application of two-pool extrinsic tag method to measure heme and non heme iron absorption from the whole diet. J Clin Invest 53, 247- 255, 1974.
5. Oski FA e Landaw SA: Inhibition of iron absorption from human milk by baby food. Am J Dis Child 134, 459-460, 1980.
6. Hurrel RI: Preventing iron deficiency through food fortitification. Nutrition Reviews 55, 210-222, 1997.
7. Chierici R, Sawatzki G, et al: Supplementation of an adapted formula with bovine lactoferrin.
2. Effects on serum iron, ferritin and zinc levels. Acta Paediatr 81, 475-9,1992.
8. Lindstrom U, Perkkio M, et al: Iron deficiency anemia with hypoproteinemia. Arch Dis Child 58, 438, 1983.
9. Wilson JF, Lahey, et al: Studies on iron metabolism. V. Further observations on cow’s milk-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in infants with iron-deficiency anemia. J Pediatr 84, 355, 1974.
10. Kinber C, Weintraub LR: Malabsorption of iron secondary to iron deficiency. N Engl J Med 279, 453, 1968.
11. Dufour C, Brisigatti M, Fabretti G, et al: Helicobacter pylori gastric infection and sideropenic refractary anemia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 17, 225-227, 1993.
12. Cataldo A, Tarallo L, Palomba E, et al: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 22, 359, 1996.
13. Fomon SJ, Ziegler EE, et al: Cow milk feeding in infancy: gastrointestinal blood loss and iron nutritional status. J Pediatr 98, 540, 1981.
14. Person RN Jr, Holt PR, et al: Aspirin and gastrointestinal bleeding. Chromate 51 blood loss studies. Am J Med 31, 259, 1961.
15. Cazzola M, Mercuriali F, Brugnara C: Use of recombinant human erythropoietin outside the setting of uremia. Blood 89, 4248- 67, 1997.
16. Addison GM, Bneamish MR, Hales CN, et al: An immunoreactive assay for ferritin in the serum of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload. J Clin Pathol 25, 326-329, 1972.
17. Cazzola M, Beguin Y: New tools for clinical evaluation of erythron function in man. Br J Haematol 80, 278, 1992.
18. Punnonen K, Iyala K, E Rajamaki A: Serum receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood 89, 1052-57, 1997.
19. Ballin A, Berar M, Rubinstein U, et al: Iron state in female adolescents runners. Am J Dis Child 146, 803-5, 1992.
20. Salvioli GP, Faldella G, Alessandroni R, et al: Prevalenza della carenza marziale nell’adolescenza. La Clinica Pediatrica 66, 103-10, 1984.
21. Cataldo E, Paternostro D, Trippicedi MA, et al: La carenza marziale nel bambino sano: prevalenza, suoi rapporti con le abitudini alimentari e possibilità di prevenzione. Rivista Italiana di Pediatria 19, 477-83, 1993.
22. Salvioli GP, Faldella G, Alessandroni R, et al: Iron nutrition and iron status changes in italian infants in the last decade. Ann Istit Super Sanità 31, 455-59, 1995.
23. Sdherry B, Bister D, Yip R: Continuation of decline in prevalence of anemia in low income children. The Vermont experience. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151, 928-30, 1997.
24. Folen AM, Mir MA: Iron deficiency in 1 to 3 year-old children. A pediatric failure? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151, 986-8, 1997.
2. Green R, Chalton R, Seftel H, et al: Body iron excretion in man. A collaborative study. Am J Med 45, 336-353, 1968.
3. Pisacane A, De Vizia B, Valiante A, et al: Iron status in breast-fed infants. J Pediatr 127, 429-31, 1995.
4. Bjorn-Rasmussen E, Hallberg L, Isaksson B, et al: Food iron absorption in man. Application of two-pool extrinsic tag method to measure heme and non heme iron absorption from the whole diet. J Clin Invest 53, 247- 255, 1974.
5. Oski FA e Landaw SA: Inhibition of iron absorption from human milk by baby food. Am J Dis Child 134, 459-460, 1980.
6. Hurrel RI: Preventing iron deficiency through food fortitification. Nutrition Reviews 55, 210-222, 1997.
7. Chierici R, Sawatzki G, et al: Supplementation of an adapted formula with bovine lactoferrin.
2. Effects on serum iron, ferritin and zinc levels. Acta Paediatr 81, 475-9,1992.
8. Lindstrom U, Perkkio M, et al: Iron deficiency anemia with hypoproteinemia. Arch Dis Child 58, 438, 1983.
9. Wilson JF, Lahey, et al: Studies on iron metabolism. V. Further observations on cow’s milk-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in infants with iron-deficiency anemia. J Pediatr 84, 355, 1974.
10. Kinber C, Weintraub LR: Malabsorption of iron secondary to iron deficiency. N Engl J Med 279, 453, 1968.
11. Dufour C, Brisigatti M, Fabretti G, et al: Helicobacter pylori gastric infection and sideropenic refractary anemia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 17, 225-227, 1993.
12. Cataldo A, Tarallo L, Palomba E, et al: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 22, 359, 1996.
13. Fomon SJ, Ziegler EE, et al: Cow milk feeding in infancy: gastrointestinal blood loss and iron nutritional status. J Pediatr 98, 540, 1981.
14. Person RN Jr, Holt PR, et al: Aspirin and gastrointestinal bleeding. Chromate 51 blood loss studies. Am J Med 31, 259, 1961.
15. Cazzola M, Mercuriali F, Brugnara C: Use of recombinant human erythropoietin outside the setting of uremia. Blood 89, 4248- 67, 1997.
16. Addison GM, Bneamish MR, Hales CN, et al: An immunoreactive assay for ferritin in the serum of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload. J Clin Pathol 25, 326-329, 1972.
17. Cazzola M, Beguin Y: New tools for clinical evaluation of erythron function in man. Br J Haematol 80, 278, 1992.
18. Punnonen K, Iyala K, E Rajamaki A: Serum receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood 89, 1052-57, 1997.
19. Ballin A, Berar M, Rubinstein U, et al: Iron state in female adolescents runners. Am J Dis Child 146, 803-5, 1992.
20. Salvioli GP, Faldella G, Alessandroni R, et al: Prevalenza della carenza marziale nell’adolescenza. La Clinica Pediatrica 66, 103-10, 1984.
21. Cataldo E, Paternostro D, Trippicedi MA, et al: La carenza marziale nel bambino sano: prevalenza, suoi rapporti con le abitudini alimentari e possibilità di prevenzione. Rivista Italiana di Pediatria 19, 477-83, 1993.
22. Salvioli GP, Faldella G, Alessandroni R, et al: Iron nutrition and iron status changes in italian infants in the last decade. Ann Istit Super Sanità 31, 455-59, 1995.
23. Sdherry B, Bister D, Yip R: Continuation of decline in prevalence of anemia in low income children. The Vermont experience. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151, 928-30, 1997.
24. Folen AM, Mir MA: Iron deficiency in 1 to 3 year-old children. A pediatric failure? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151, 986-8, 1997.